Bilingual education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bilingual education - Research Paper Example the Bilingual Education Act (1968) which dominantly shaped bilingual education laws (Pandey, 2010).The paper attempts to explore the pros and cons of bilingual education and debate over different aspects discussed by its proponents and opponents. In order to convince parents and teachers that bilingual education is beneficial for non-English speaking children, the term â€Å"bilingual education† should be unambiguous. However, deciding how to classify bilinguals is problematic (Baker, 1985; Mackey, 1962; Skutnabb-Kangas 1981 qtd. in Baker 2).Baker further explains that defining bilingual is fraught with problems as there are many dimensions to this term (3).However, for defining bilingual education Wink reminds us of Professor Beto who asserts that bilingual education is all about the education that is given in two languages. Beto further adds to the definition and states, â€Å"Bilingual education is all about literacy and knowledge. That’s it.†(qtd. in Wink)Krashen further adds to the definition and states, â€Å"Bilingual education consists of good, comprehensible input in English, good subject matter teaching in the primary language, and continued literacy development in the primary language. Given these three component, kids will get literacy and knowledge.†(3-4 qtd. in Wink) The concept of ‘bilingual education’ is considered to be the education programs that are particularly designed for students with lacking ability of speaking and understanding English language. Among several programs, some include the features of teaching academic subjects in native language for better understanding, for instance, Spanish or Bengali. In addition these programs teach English as second language (ESL).While some other programs emphasize on learning English by completely immersing students in English-only class. Some of the programs prefer teaching both languages in mainstream class to all students. There are different variations of these approaches and different schools

Toyota marketing Essay Example for Free

Toyota marketing Essay 3. TOYOTA HAS BUILT HUGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY THAT CAN PRODUCE MILLIONS OF CARS EACH YEAR FOR A WIDE VIRIETY OF CONSUMERS. WHY WAS IT ABLE TO GROW SO MUCH BIGGER THAN OTHER AUTO MANUFACTURERS? SUBSTANTIATE YOUR ANSWER BY PROVIDING CONCRETE MEASURES OR INTERVENTIONS THAT TOYOTA HAS DONE OR HAS BEEN DOING. Toyota was the first company to introduce lean manufacturing and total quality management practices in production of cars. For some time, the company was the only practitioner of these practices and had the lowest manufacturing and production costs worldwide. Toyota currently sells about 70 different models of cars under its namesake brand. Because they are the market car leader, they are in need to produce large number of cars that will be sold worldwide. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota that comprises its management philosophy and practices. The TPS organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers. The system is a major precursor of the more generic lean manufacturing. Taiichi Ohno, Shigeo Shingo and Eiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948 and 1975. Originally called just-in-time production, it builds on the approach created by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Kiichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. This system, more than any other aspect of the company, is responsible for having made Toyota the company it is today. Toyota has long been recognized as a leader in the automotive manufacturing, and production industry. The principles underlying the TPS are embodied in The Toyota Way. According to external observers, the Toyota Way has four components: 1. Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions 2. A process for problem-solving 3. Adding value to the organization by developing its people 4. Recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning The underlying principles, called the Toyota Way, it have been outlined by Toyota as follows: 1. Continuous Improvement a) Challenge (We form a long-term vision, meeting challenges with courage and  creativity to realize our dreams.) b) Kaizen (We improve our business operations continuously, always driving for innovation and evolution.) c) Genchi Genbutsu (Go to the source to find the facts to make correct decisions.) d) 2. Respect for People a) Respect (We respect others, make every effort to understand each other, take responsibility and do our best to build mutual trust.) b) Teamwork (We stimulate personal and professional growth, share the opportunities of development and maximize individual and team performance.) 3. Long-term philosophy a) Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term financial goals. 4. The right process will produce the right results a) Create continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface. b) Use the pull system to avoid overproduction. c) Level out the workload (heijunka). (Work like the tortoise, not the hare.) d) Build a culture of stopping to fix problems, to get quality right from the first. e) Standardized tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment. f) Use visual control so no problems are hidden. g) Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes. 5. Add value to the organization by developing your people and partners 1. Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others. 2. Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your companys philosophy. 3. Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve. 6. Continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning a) Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation (Genchi Genbutsu) b) Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options (Nemawashi); implement decisions rapidly; c) Become a learning organization through relentless reflection (Hansei)

Tire Industry Capstone Project Marketing Essay

Tire Industry Capstone Project Marketing Essay The report examines the global Tire industry. the industry is dominated by 10 firms controlling 95 of the global market. First, the report analyses the fundamentals of the industry followed by an analysis of each of the companys performance. The report later analyses the key success factors and indicators for the industry and makes recommendations as to the way forward. Introduction The tire industry is a large-scale market that produces high quality original and replacement tires with the use of natural and synthetic rubber. These tires produced from natural materials and synthetic rubber is greatly utilized by motorcycles, trucks, cars, earthmoving equipment, aircrafts, bicycles, and scooters. The tire industry is divided into different sections that include America, the Asia-Pacific, and Europe. This constitutes about 95% of the worlds market. Our list of ten selected public companies has their headquarters represented among these markets, and thus the percentage of their sales per market varies. Despite a global recession, a number of these tire firms has demonstrated a strong performance, and the recovery has especially been pronounced in the Europe and markets of Canada, United States and Mexico. The contents will reveal in what areas these ten public firms are particularly delivered, and some ways in which they are still struggling, or have room for some improvement. While the growth has traditionally been viewed in the West, the emerging markets in Asia such as China prove to be a battleground for revenue and sales growth of the future. The relative leaders in this industry are Michelin and Goodyear, with the lowest performing firms as Kumho and Yokohama. Some of the firms decisions have placed them in a favorable position to dominate opportunities around the globe, while others have an overwhelming amount of disadvantage in meeting such goals. Performance requirements such as high-speed test, endurance test, low pressure test, road hazard impact test, bead unseating test, and accelerated aging test. The endurance test show that the test results increase linearly in stringency based on the number of tire failure. However, the top performing firm is the Michelin meeting the performance criteria with over 90% in all the criteria. Michelin is technologically a better tire company compared to the rest, while Kumho is the least performing tire company. List of the Ten Public Firm in the Tire Industry The top ten tire firms include: 1. Bridgestone Corporation 2. Compagnie Gà ©nà ©rale des Établissements Michelin 3. Good year Tire and Rubber Company 4. Continental AG 5. Pirelli C. S.p.A. 6. Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. 7. Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited 8. Hankook Tire 9. Cooper Tire Rubber Company 10. Kumho Tire Co. Ltd Key Success Factors and Key Success Indicators For the purposes of this research paper, we will analyze three key success factors namely the financial factors, human resource and customer satisfaction. For each of the KSF identified for analysis, there are at least three key success indicators as listed below; Customer Satisfaction Customer average rating as given through company annual surveys Awards for crucial success Position among top 20 in the country Human resource Employee count growth Proportion of workers who have higher education Revenue per worker Key Financial factors Return on equity Return on asset Leverage ratio Gross margin ratio Annual sales growth The ability to adapt to new technology Investment in IT In-house staff training BPR change initiatives Customer satisfaction Average score Awards received Position in top 20 Sustainability indices as reported in the respective companies sustainability report for the last year. Percentage of material reused Percentage of material recycled Reduction in material use In their similar research work, Ghosh, et al. (2001) came up with a distinctive formula for awarding the weights to individual critical success indicators. For the purpose of this paper, Ghosh, et als weightings on the respective KSI are adopted. The scores of these tree factors are given equal weight at 33.3% due to their perceived equal importance in the industry. However, the key success indicators in each of the three categories are given different weights as per their perceived importance in the realization of the respective KSF. All the KSF along with their associated KSI are scored in the excel sheet and weighted totals calculated. Some of the key KSFs that we have identified include sustainable practices, public perceptions, consumer responsibility, the economy, in addition to environmental stances and practices. The KSIs include the market share that each firm possesses, the number of countries in which they operate, the percentage of business devoted to tires, as well as the number of employees per dollar of revenue and diversification of the board in terms of country of origin. These KSF and KSI were selected to effectively evaluate the relationship that between other external factors that will make tire production in the industries thrive. A key success factor could also include dealer or brand loyalty, and how well companys can retain their customer basis. It is believed that sustainable practices of how the wages and benefits exist will greatly promote the success of tire production, in addition to how the merchant network or tire distribution is handled; considering the fact that production is directly controlled or is dispensed out on a franchise basis. When it comes to public perception, this deals with whether the brands from a specific region are favored, due to their ascribed value. In addition, the devotion to advertising in terms of dollars on a by-region basis would be an interesting KSI under the KSF of public perception. Consumer responsibility is how they respond to incentive programs offered by merchants, or where they turn to purchase whether they go in store or defer to online shopping. One other interesting KSF that we are concerned with is the environment. What this means in terms of a KSI is the method and rate of scrap tire disposal. In addition, interest is the consumption levels of electricity, water, fuels or others necessary for disposal and manufacturing. However, it is anticipated that this KSF will majorly determine the long term success of tire firms. When it comes to the KSF of the economy, differentiating it from the internal finance of companies is not certain, using the KSI and KSF to assess and analyze performance in the tire industry is justified. Factors Driving Profitability The players in the tire manufacturing industry are operated out of a number of major centers, and in order for them to earn and maintain a profit, they must ultimately transact with corporate or smaller-consumers. Analyzing the growth rate and operating margins of the firms reveals that just as they are dispersed in where their boardrooms, headquarters, plants, and branches are located they likewise differ on where such revenue and sales are captured. To further complicate factors, some of the weaknesses confronting these firms are regionally based, while others have a global reach and threaten the whole of their operations. Thus, the mixture of strengths and weaknesses facing the firms is ripe of both extreme differences in addition to some unavoidable similarities. Undoubtedly, one of the major factors that seem to affect all the participants is the increase of prices of raw materials. In this context are crude oil, rubber, and other inputs to the manufacturing process. While it is deserving of a separate discussion altogether, the price of one barrel of crude oil has been on the rise amidst global conflict, uncertainty, and other issues. This is a necessary input in the manufacturing of tires and it is not easily replaceable. A direct result of this factor that drives (or threatens) profitability is that the price of products tends to increase as the surge in cost of raw materials is passed on the consumers. Another factor driving profitability then is the type of market segments on which the tire manufacturer focuses on. For example, some of the firms such as Kumho and Yokohama have placed much dedication towards niche markets such as construction, or others, that may be willing to fork over more money for a higher quality product. Due to the diverse approach of these tire manufacturers; we placed much emphasis on the financials aspect. More than the fact that these figures were, on the whole, easy to locate, they are closely connected with a phenomenon that will soon confront the industry. This issue in the horizon is that of so-called unfunded pension and retirement benefits. As a result of this impending crisis, we determined that the financial conditions of firms would be closely related to how they may overcome such. One other reason we determined that this was a crucial factor of performance was that the baby boomer generation concept would imply that a large group of full-time workers would, at the same time, attempt to cash out on such benefits. It means that firms with a high debt-to-equity ratio have less leverage to move around funds to overcome a shortfall when it comes to paying out employees on a mass-scale. Likewise, those with relatively lower revenues would have a particularly challenging time to maintain their operations and to fund such retirees. Some other key performance indicators we determined had significance was the relative market share of each firm, in addition to the number of countries where operations existed. We figured these were important given that some of the more successful firms such as Bridgestone are more diversified geographically. The reason this is important can also be understood in the context of global economics. If one is operating a firm such as Kumho or Yokohama and the Korean or Japanese region respectively endures some domestic market turmoil, it is unlikely that the average trend of sales from international markets will be able to keep them from reporting negative financials, or even facing insolvency. A damaging annual period will not only weaken a firms reputation or brand image, but will also cause the company to struggle to keep the support of investors potentially coming with major consequences. On the other hand, as Bridgestones record demonstrates, having equal or at least some level of balanced representation across the globe means that the only way they will significantly suffer is if there is a financial crisis or some type of market volatility on a global scale. Even so, it is unlikely that such a disaster would have equal effects in each continent or country, or that it would occur simultaneously. It means that in the wake of disaster, a firm that is well-spread across the globe would be able to earn a profit in some areas, while losing in others, and be able to maintain its existence. A further key performance indicator of interest is the customer segments facing the tire manufacturing industry. For example, there has been the trend for companies teaming up and pooling their productive resources in order to transact with high-ticket market segments such as the airline industry. We determined that this key performance indicator is derived out of the Porter force of bargaining power of buyers. It is also directly connected and can help firms individually, and overall, to overcome the struggles that come from increasing raw material and commodity prices, globally. If carefully constructed, such agreements between rivals can assist in overcoming their mutual threats, and allow them to devote more resources and attention to important fields such as research and development, or creativity. Subsequently, more useful technologies and more desirable products will be churned out, in a mutually (or internationally) beneficial manner that will allow each industry player to ma ximize their own chosen attribute of differentiation. For example, some firms may devote much energy towards passenger cars, while another focuses on non-highway equipment, or high performance tires. If working together can help to alleviate the hurdle of increasing input prices in the manufacturing process, there will be a net benefit on the industry in the quality and the number of products disseminated to the market segments. Bibliography Datamonitor: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin. Company Profile. Publication Date: 5 Aug 2011. Datamonitor: The Yokohoma Rubber Co., Ltd. Company Profile. Publication Date: 24 Feb 2012. Datamonitor: Bridgestone Corporation. Company Profile. Publication Date: 29 Jul 2011. Ghosh, B. Liang, T., Meng, T., Chan, B. (2001). The key success factors, distinctive capabilities, and strategic thrusts of top SMEs in Singapore. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 51(3): 209 Marketline: Kumho Tire Co. Inc. Company Profile. Publication Date: 31 May 2012. Porter, M. E. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, January 2008. Appendix and exhibits Tire Industry: NAICS Code: 326211 Top Ten Companies: 1. Bridgestone Corporation 2. Compagnie Gà ©nà ©rale des Établissements Michelin 3. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company 4. Continental AG 5. Pirelli C. S.p.A. 6. Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. 7. Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited 8. Hankook Tire 9. Cooper Tire Rubber Company 10. Kumho Tire Co. Ltd

Besires Theory is Fully Consistant with the Humean View Essay -- Ethic

Abstract One Humean view holds that motivation requires beliefs and desires, which are separate and distinct mental states. Beliefs are disposed to fit the world, and desires are disposed to make the world fit them. This view is thought to eliminate besire theory, according to which moral judgments have both a world-mind direction of fit by representing the ethical facts of the matter, and a mind-world direction of fit by motivating action accordingly. Here I argue that besires are fully consistent with the Humean view. The Humean view should be cast at the level of types, while besire theory is supported by introspection on psychological tokens. Existent Humean arguments against besires do not go through, and besire theory remains a viable option—indeed, the option best supported by the evidence—without rejecting the Humean view. 1 A Case for Besires According to the Humean view of motivation, beliefs alone cannot motivate. According besire theory,1 some first person moral judgments (judgments of the form ‘I morally ought to ÃŽ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) are both belief-like and desire-like in that they represent things as they morally are, and motivate appropriate actions. For example, on besire theory my judgment ‘I ought to visit my grandmother in the hospital’ can both represent a factual moral obligation and motivate me to visit my grandmother without the help of some separate desire-type psychological state. Can besire theory be right? Not under the Humean view, for on that view besire theory mistakenly attributes motivationally hot, desire-like properties to a certain class of beliefs. It would seem that our options are highly constrained: either we embrace the Humean view, and characterize first person moral judgments as belie... ...o necessary connections between distinct mental state tokens, simpliciter internalism entails besire theory. 12 Shafer-Landau argues for a similar position, though he calls some beliefs â€Å"intrinsically† motivating. Shafer-Landau 2004, 147-48. 13 Only when we combine besire theory with an essentialist claim, for example, that no state counts as a besire unless it actually motivates, do we get the result that moral judgments necessarily motivate. This essentialist claim is too strong for any desire-type state, for even occurent, normal desires combined with relevant means-related beliefs can fail to realize their functional role. 14 One might think that the standard cognitive view of moral judgments evades the burden of showing how moral motivation fails, but thereby gains the burden of explaining the reliable connection between moral judgments and motivation.

For Whom The Bell Tolls Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ernest Hemingway

The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a story of passionate love throughout the brutality of the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway uses his personal experiences to portray the true meaning and feeling of this book. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The neighborhood he grew up in was straight-laced and rigidly Protestant. Hemingway started his literary career publishing his work in his school magazine. Later on in life, he signed up to join the military in World War II, but was rejected due to his defective left eye from birth. Instead, he enlisted in the Missouri National Guard and remained on the lookout for opportunities to progress to the front. In 1918, he sailed to Europe to become an ambulance driver in Northern Italy. There, Hemingway was seriously injured and while in the hospital fell in love with his nurse, Agnes Hannah Von Kurowsky. She was the model that Hemingway used as Catherin e Barkley in A Farewell To Arms. In 1919, he returned to Oak Park and earned a medal for his valor in Italy. He and his wife had their first son, John, in October 1923. Three years later, in 1926, Hemingway published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises. Sadly, on December 6, 1928, he learned that his father had committed suicide. Years later, during his divorce with his second wife, he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and it was published in October of 1940. The next month, Hemingway married his third wife, Martha Gellhorn. In 1944, he traveled to London and not only fell in love with Mary Welsh, but was involved in a serious car accident and was thought to be dead. In 1945, his third marriage failed and later that year was in yet another severe c... ... brutality of the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway’s simplistic language style, war imagery, mountainous setting, and theme of a heroic protagonist all contribute to his personal experiences in life and at war. Much of his style resembles the personal experiences he had in life with family, love, and war. The imagery that is applied in this piece of literature mirrors what Hemingway had seen and imagined during his service in Italy and his experiences during the relationships which he partook. The setting represents the area in which Hemingway had seen and envisioned Spain. The various themes of this story describe Hemingway’s political views on war and outlook on the morals of life. In conclusion, the qualities that Ernest Hemingway possesses in his writing skills are truly remarkable and they are evidently depicted in this amazing piece of classic literature.

Narrative Recollection in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished :: Unvanquished Essays

Narrative Recollection in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished The narrator in William Faulkner’s â€Å"The Unvanquished† is an adult looking back on his childhood experiences. This is a powerful technique, because the reader can receive two sets of images through one voice – in this case both the impressions of the young Bayard Sartoris as well as his older (and perhaps wiser) adult self. There are several ways in which the author makes this known, the first being Faulkner’s use of first person, but in the past tense. In the opening scene of the book Bayard and Ringo are playing behind the smokehouse. The past tense of the verbs make it apparent that the action has already been done, (ex.: â€Å"†¦Ringo and I had a living map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"To Ringo and me it lived†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Bayard indicates several times that this narrative is a recollection. One example is in the first chapter, â€Å"†¦even though you do look bigger (to twelve, at least, to me and Ringo at twelve, at least.† (p.12). Then later, â€Å"But we were just twelve; we didn’t listen to that.† (p.15). These passages contain a rueful quality that implies that Bayard knows better in retrospect. Like memory, the narrative moves in skips and jumps, rather than an exactly linear plot. The next time the reader is told Bayard’s age is in the second chapter, but the he is near fourteen now. Uncle Buck asks him, â€Å"How old are you, boy?† to which he replies, â€Å"Fourteen,† and Ringo interjects, â€Å"We ain’t fourteen yit,† (54). Then later, when Bayard’s grandmother becomes ill Faulkner writes, â€Å"I would be sixteen years old before another year was out, yet I sat there in the wagon, crying.† (152). So how does this narrative strategy affect the representation of southern masculinities? It allows the reader a glimpse of how this particular southern male – Bayard Sartoris – becomes the man that he is. It allows the reader to see this process in action. It visualizes the relationships with other southern men, including and especially his father. It actualizes the disillusionment that can so often shape childhood, but is often easier seen in retrospect that at the time of occurrence. A poignant example of this is in the third chapter when Bayard is questioning the veracity of his elder’s war stories : †¦old men had been telling young men and boys about wars and fighting before they discovered how to write it down:

Education Through Experience Essay

Education Through Experience How does one learn? Is learning part of the modern day media induced generation? Do we learn by flipping through television channels and reading magazine articles? Or does learning run deeper than that? In todays world we would like to believe that by turning on the Discovery channel or actually finishing a Harry Potter novel we have learned it all. We Justify our media obsession by saying how much we are learning when we stay â€Å"glued to the tube† or nose deep in the latest fashion magazine. It is quite agreeable to say that we do collect many facts and details from reading books, magazines, and from watching television. But after all is said and done, what have you committed to memory? Do you find yourself more interested in the facts or the dramatic plot of the movie you were watching? Television is not a sin. We all watch it from time to time. But when people rush home so that they don’t Jeopardize their TV time, it seems as if it really has become a problem. How can you expect your children to efficiently learn when they are lopped down in front of the TV or are obsessing over what they are reading in their magazines? Education is not gained by becoming obsessed with the media. It is gained through experience. By seeing and doing things, the people of the world can come to know and understand what education is all about. Not about how â€Å"hot† people are, or about how much money you can make from winning a game show, but about how the way things of this world truly work. By being open to new experiences, and new opinions we are able to step outside of our comfort zones and ee things through another perspective. As Plato rightly states in The Allegory of the Cave, an educated person is said to be someone that strives to learn more, and that is open to a variety of beliefs and notions from other people. Another important factor in gaining education through experience is being able to communicate what you have learned to others. Communication is huge in learning new material. We communicate with others in the world every day yet, we rarely â€Å"truly communicate. A conversation should create something in common by making genuine connection, not by being a short or one-sided opinion. By creating something in common and sharing educational experiences, the conversation allows input from all sides no matter how differnt the viewpoint and creates something new (Bohm). Today we run frantically to Google or ask. com when we find we have a question about the way things work. Sure these search engines are helpful, but they prove our generation to be lazy and solely dependent on the technology. What if there were no computers? What if there were no flat-screen televisions to tell us everything? What if, God forbid, we actually had to have a conversation with someone? Communication is the divine way of comparing and contrasting the information we gain from our experiences. You don’t like or agree with what someone says? Great! That is the beauty of communication. We don’t have to believe whatever we see on the television screen or in the pages of a newspaper or magazine. Experience puts us past that. An equally important matter to take into consideration when exploring education