Puerto Rico The Next State - 908 Words

Puerto Rico has been regarded as the next state to the United States. These reasons will be discussed in this paper but I also want to get into the history of the Island and what makes it unique to the rest of the mainland United States. Puerto Rico has culture who wants to embrace this uniqueness and there individuality in there island. I admire them for that. Puerto Ricos Lands came to United States in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War in 1898 along with Cuba and the Philippines, as Cuba was immediately granted independence it took the Philippines until 1946, right after World War Two to be granted independence . Initially the name of Puerto Rico was changed by the military to Porto Rico this lasted until 1932 when the United States Congress changed it back to Puerto Rico the original name. This was a part of the â€Å"Americanization† that occurred in Puerto Rico. In 1899 when the island joined the United States it was classified as an unincorporated territory which means they were a part of the United States but no parts of the Constitution was incorporated into the rule. So in 1917 Woodrow Wilson President at the time granted all Puerto Ricans Citizenship. In which made them eligible to be drafted into the United States Army in time for World War One. Compared to Hawaii who joined the U.S as a Territory in 1898 all the re citizens were granted United States Citizenship the same year. During the time between 1898 and 1952 as a part of the Americanization processShow MoreRelatedEssay about Puerto Rico1159 Words   |  5 PagesPuerto Rico Whats a common location that comes up in discussion when someone thinks of a destination to get away from all the hustle and bustle of the Main land of the United States? Normally Puerto Rico isnt too far away from conversation. Puerto Rico is a beautiful place with the perfect climate and many historical sites to take that getaway that you have always wanted. Today we will discuss major issues in/of Puerto Rico, the significance of this research and data sources, and lastly I willRead MoreSpan and Puerto Rico Cultural Similarities and Differences Presentation1469 Words   |  6 PagesSpan and Puerto Rico Cultural Similarities and Differences presentation Span 101 This presentation will explain the differences and similarities, if any, in the countries of Spain and Puerto Rico’s. The presentation will show the differences and similarities between the two countries arts, culture, and economic environment. The presentation will show how both countries have a assimilation of cultural and distinctiveness. Even though both countries have similarities and differences, they both haveRead MoreThe Issue Of Puerto Rico1542 Words   |  7 PagesPuerto Rico is a territory of the United States since 1898 and in order to change that status citizens of the territory must vote in a plebiscite, a special referendum. The three options available to choose from were to become a state, to remain a territory, or to become an independent nation (Martin). In the November 6, 2012 plebiscite held in Puerto Rico, 54% of the population said that do not like the current commonwealth status of the island (Alexandrino). The next question offered to the populationRe ad More Coca Cola and Coco Frio1731 Words   |  7 Pages Every day , Puerto Rico is slowly adapting into the American way of life and is gradually losing what is left of their culture. Perhaps this is because Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States. The poem â€Å" Coca Cola and Coco Frio† by Martin Espada is a great example of someone who encounters the Americanized culture of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is struggling to preserve their own identity. On July 25, 1898 United States troops invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish AmericanRead MorePhysical Therapy1408 Words   |  6 Pageshistory/development/evolution of medical infrastructure in Puerto Rico 2. The polio epidemics in Puerto Rico 3. The polio epidemics in the United States Before embarking on topics that are more directly tied to health, I think it is important to give a brief history of Puerto Rican politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I’ve also made one notable excursion into late 19th century Puerto Rican medical history, as one of the major organizers of Puerto Rican independence was also a prominent physicianRead MoreImagine Laying On The Warm Beaches In Puerto Rico. With879 Words   |  4 PagesImagine laying on the warm beaches in Puerto Rico. With every step the sand gushes through each toe while the wind blows softly. Try to visualize the sunrise rising above the trees every morning while drinking their finest native coffee. Puerto Rico is the perfect place for tourists to go for a relaxing vacation. This Caribbean island is full of activities to keep everyone busy, with its lovely scenery and culture. This island never disappoints because of their exotic black sand beaches and theirRead MoreCoca Cola And The 51st State Of America1280 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 26, 2016 Coca Cola And The 51st State of America Martin Espada uses his own experiences as a child of Puerto Rican descent realizing that his family and the country of Puerto Rico is losing grasp of their Puerto Rican culture, and in exchange taking in the americanized culture all in part of American Marketing. It could be like a melting pot, Puerto Rico may be a property of the United States but that does not mean that they do have to be a state of America and take in the culture. DifferencesRead MorePolicy Brief On Sustainable Energy And Green Industry Puerto Rico1703 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry Puerto Rico Purpose section According to United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) the term green industry is defined as an industry that ensures sustainable and viable future with no harm on our environment (UNIDO 2016). In Puerto Rico, manufacturing industry accounts for about 46.3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This indicates that Puerto Rico is highly dependent on different manufacturing industries for its revenue. Similarly, according to Puerto Rico 2015 profileRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Spanish Rule on Puerto Ricans Today1419 Words   |  6 Pageson Puerto Ricans Today What was Puerto Rico like under Spanish rule, and how important is that rule to the formation of the Puerto Rican people today? To answer these questions, we must take a look at the history of the Spanish and their colonization of the island of Puerto Rico. As we know, Puerto Rico was a colony of Spain found by Christopher Columbus on November 19, 1493, and remained a colony of Spain for the next 400 years. But the interesting fact remains that Puerto RicoRead MoreThe New York City s Puerto Rican Community1421 Words   |  6 PagesOn 7 June 1969, hundreds of Puerto Ricans gathered in Spanish Harlem, New York City to protest the arrest of Juan Fi Ortiz for a series of falsified crimes.[2] As a crowd gathered outside the People s Church in El Barrio, Felipe Luciano addressed those assembled asserting that, We will not allow the brutalization of our community to go on without a response. For every Puerto Rican that is brutalized, there will be retaliation.[3]Luciano s statements were not ignored, and as the crowd filtered

Infidelity Essay - 1538 Words

A pathway to divorce in our modern society, is based on infidelity. Infidelity can destroy a relationship, because one or both partners may feel neglected in their relationship or marriage. Infidelity may be defined in three categories. â€Å"Infidelity research can be clustered in three broad categories: (a) infidelity as sexual intercourse, (b) infidelity as extra-dyadic sexual activities, and (c) infidelity as emotional betrayal† (Moller and Vossler, 2015). These categories allow a deeper understanding about infidelity. For example, Moller and Vossler (2015) stated that, â€Å"the most difficult to come to terms with are when some, the other party’s fallen in love with someone else†¦ it feels like the biggest betrayal† (p.492). Infidelity, leads†¦show more content†¦Why? Because it is the bond that holds the marriage together. Intimacy, is not only to have sexual intercourse, but it is a combination of an emotional connection. Such as demonstrati ng chivalrous acts and embracing one another. All this means more than sexual intercourse. Without the presence of those sentiments, there is a lack of intimacy followed by negative behavior or distrust and neglect. â€Å"Intimacy is defined as the emotional need for closeness† (Comer, 1994). This increases the distance between the partners in the marriage. Leading to possible infidelity and eventually divorce. However, if a partner feels satisfied with the level of intimacy the chances of infidelity decrease. Moss and Schwebel (1993) asserted that, â€Å"The level of intimacy that individuals experience within relationships exerts a profound influence on their social development, personal adjustment, and physical health. Specifically, intimacy plays an integral role in individuals successful passage through developmental stages, solidification of friendships, attainment of marital happiness, and success in psychotherapeutic encounters† (p. 32). Intimacy has different meaning to each marriage. Perhaps affection, desire and passion are some of them. Some marriages lack of all of these as well. And sometimes intimacy is a non-existent in their marriage. Infidelity, can also cause the lack of love-making or any contact with his or her spouse, which it can be a conflict. Infidelity,Show MoreRelated Infidelity Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society, infidelity is one of the leading causes of marital disruption and divorce. In accordance with societal norms many myths have been associated with infidelity. The following myths and their effects on marriage will be discussed: Everyone has affairs, the affair is the direct result of the faithful mate and, the marriage must end in divorce. In examining the various myths, this paper will challenge the greater issue, can marriage survive infidelity?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was aRead MoreParental Infidelity Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The discovery of infidelity in a relationship is heartbreaking. Between partners, trust is damaged, loyalty is broken, and love is questioned. The act of infidelity can bring about a range of emotions such as anger, disappointment, sadness, and sometimes shock. The betrayed partner is not the only one unfortunate enough to experience this level of despair. Children are impacted as well by parental infidelity, but are mostly left to the wayside in dealing with the aftermath. TheyRead MorePsychology and Infidelity Liberty University Essay2627 Words   |  11 PagesEmotional and Sexual Infidelity Liberty University ABSTRACT There are many ways in which infidelity can be explained depending on what you are reading or with whom you are speaking. Emotional and sexual infidelity is the two most studied forms of infidelity. The cognitive approach to infidelity explains that as our cognition is developing, we are also indirectly learning behaviors that could contribute to infidelity as adults. Infidelity no matter what the circumstances are surrounding itRead MoreInfidelity, Unfaithfulness, and Modesty in Betrayal Essay1935 Words   |  8 PagesInfidelity, unfaithfulness, and modesty outline the surface of the play Betrayal written by Harold Pinter. From afar the relationships between the trio of characters seems normal but; when taking a deeper look, the correlations are noticeably dysfunctional. The three main characters, Emma, Jerry and Robert interact kindly, never seem to interrupt one another, ask innocent questions and do not, generally, inspect over much the answers. They help each other over t he occasional awkward moments andRead MoreInfidelity: Marriage and Current Relationship Standings Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages Internal Look into Infidelity and the Outcomes Infidelity can happen at the blink of an eye, especially if a person is not aware of their current relationship standings with their partner. A partner may display two types of infidelity, emotional and sexual. Each type of infidelity is seen differently by men and women on an opposite scale according to (Buss, Larsen, and Westen, 1996; Buss et al., 1992; Buunk et al., 1996; Trivers, 1972). The causes for infidelity are somewhat the same forRead MoreInfidelity Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pages The topic I decided to write about is infidelity in marriages. I thought this would be a good topic because infidelity has psychology and culture intersect together. Infidelity is attributed to psychology because this is something from each person, it only depends on each one to decide whether cheat or not. In contrast, infidelity is also attributed to culture, infidelity will have a different meaning in every part of the world. Maybe this will be described as an accepted or unaccepted behaviorRead MoreCauses Of Infidelity Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pages Infidelity: Why Do People Cheat? Introduction Infidelity is defined as the act or fact of having a romantic or sexual relationship with someone other than ones husband, wife, or partner (Merriam-Webster.com). Although, this is the standard definition of cheating, the subject can hold different meanings to different people. One may feel betrayed by their significant other when only an emotional connection is made with someone outside of the marriage, while another person mayRead MoreInfidelity and Confidentiality: A Dilema for Therapists Essays1399 Words   |  6 Pages Counseling couples who are attempting to overcome the betrayal of infidelity together pose a unique challenge to most therapists. In addition, a couple where one spouse admits to an affair to the therapist without their spouse’s knowledge can be equally distressing to said counselor. What are the ethical concerns regarding this scenario? In one case we are keeping our client’s confidences, building trust and following all ethical codes of confidentiality. In another case, weRead MoreInfidelity Causing Marital Breakdown Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pageswhether or not infidelity is the leading issue for marital breakdowns or if it is just another factor. Many may believe that infidelity only occurs in superficial relationships and in the media, but infidelity is right in your own back yard. Emotional infidelity, when put next to physical infidelity can be more painful and hurtful to a marriage, and make things worse because physical is quite often tied in with the emotional infidelity (â€Å"Truth about Deception,† n.d.) . If emotional infidelity can makeRead MoreThe Failure Of Leadership And How It Can Affect A Nation A Story About Othello854 Words   |  4 PagesThe failure of leadership and how it can affect a nation a story about Othelloâ₠¬â„¢s strengths and his eventual fall from grace. This essay will focus Racism, Othello motivation, his marriage to his wife, and his downfall resulting in killing his wife as well as himself. This essay will paint a picture of how real this can be in real life regarding normal human beings who have leadership positions. Leaders will always be tested and will have to overcome obstacles to ensure success for their specific

Quality Improvement In Health Care Guidelines Introduced by WHO

Question: Discuss about the Quality Improvement In Health Care. Answer: Introduction: With the emerging problems with the complex lifestyle in this generation the health standards are decra4sing as well. There are many a public health concerns that are rising every day. Infections have emerged as one of the most dreadful public health concern in this age. Hospital acquired infection are one of the prime reasons for causing further complications for the patients and increasing hospital stay time and the cost. Furthermore this particular complication if not attended properly can create fatal complications for critically ill patients as well (Wolf, Doane and Thompson, 2015). Hence, there have been infection control policies enforced by the world health organization as a global health care authority that has been overlooking the heath care standards over the years. The hand hygiene policy is considered to be the most important infection control policies that have been incorporated worldwide to minimize the rate of hospital acquired infections. However, many a developing c ountries are still not complying with the practice protocols set forth by WHO and the patients are paying the price for it (WHO, 2017). This assignment will focus on determining the causes behind the noncompliance to hand hygiene in nurses and attempts to formulate a quality improvement plan for the same taking an Indian small hospital as an example. Intended improvement: The major reason behind the massive noncompliance in the developing countries that has been determined by extensive research has been the absolute lack of knowledge regarding any aspects of the hand hygiene policies. In the developing countries the lack of enough infrastructure and extensive training program is a contributing factor that the healthcare staff is mostly unaware of the changes to the health care practice policies and protocols (Ward, 2017). This is the major reason why the nursing staff as well does not get access to the improvements to teh practice standards and continues with the back dated polices t health care setting. In order to ascertain the compliance to the hand hygiene policy in the nursing staff of lifeline hospital of India, training and educating the staff about the benefits of the hand hygiene policy will be required. The model chosen for this training and quality improvement program, the model chosen is the PDSA model. PDSA stands for Plan Do Study and Act, which is the standard procedure for health care quality improvement program. Albeit being a extremely powerful tool, it is simple and easy adaptable to any improvement scenario, and hence is abundantly used. As mentioned above this model have four interlinked variable starting with planning, doing, studying, and acting (Stowell et al., 2014). The first variable is planning which is concerned with planning the activities prior to implementing them to ascertain a well organised improvement plan. In which settings you are you are required to plan the activities that will be implemented in the improvement programs. For example educational seminars, workshops, and training programs to explain to the nurses the benefits of hand hygiene policy and how that would help in protecting the nurse is from any Hospital acquired infections and also protecting the patients. The next item to this model is doing, in this article of variable the implemented plan in the previous section will be implemented on a small scale of population are subject population to test out the viability of the plan. In which part the quality improvement program leader will evaluate the viability and efficacy of the planning that will be able to implement the changes that are required to be achieved in this quality of improvement program (Smiddy, O'Connell Creedon, 2015). The next step to PDSA cycle is to study the results that the previous activity could formulate. This particular step is associated with data collection and data analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the entire plan. In last step which is acting will be concerned with incorporating revisions and improvisations to the plant on the basis of the small scale tryout. In order to ensure that the quality improvement program will be absolutely effective, it is vital to plan the activities accordingly (Siddiqui et al., 2017). The aim of this quality improvement program will be to incorporate better knowledge and better understanding in the nursing staff about hand hygiene policy and the benefits of it. The activities for this quality improvement program will include educational seminars, presentations using interactive graphics, interactive workshops and on hand demonstration policies to ensure that the nursing staff in the small Indian hospital has access to all the literature and understandin g to incorporate compliance to the hand hygiene policy. However prior to that, it will be beneficial to assess the level of knowledge that the nursing staff of the Indian small Hospital already have on the subject of hand hygiene policy. Along with that it will always be beneficial to elicit information on why and how the non compliance to hand hygiene protocol has been initiated in the Lifeline Hospital. Gaining information on how the nursing staffs feels about the hand hygiene policy will be beneficial for incorporating changes that will be adapted to the situation of the Indian small Hospital. After the entire planning question so it will be required to assess the level of compliant that the quality improvement plan could facilitate. In order to achieve this goal a measurement plan has to be incorporated into the quality improvement program. For this case scenario the quality improvement program will include measurement of the percentage of the compliance of the nursing staff to the hand hygiene policy. Planning of the interventions: In order to create an accurate and effective quality improvement plan it is title to standardise the research study setting. Standardizing the setting will allow the improvement program leader to design a well organised and curated plan of action that will serve the purpose of the research study effectively and will be the most effective and adaptive to the case scenario at hand. What is research study the purpose is to incorporate effective and absolute compliance to hand hygiene policy. As discussed about the hand hygiene policy has been introduced by the World Health Organisation as a Global Health authority and all the Healthcare facilities along with the clothes are required to comply with this infection Control Programme to ensure minimum Hospital acquired infections as possible. The research setting that has been opted for this assignment has been a small Hospital authority of a developing country India. On a more elaborative note this Hospital is a small scale Hospital with m inimum infrastructure to start with. The patient accommodation for this Hospital is minimal, with just two storey Hospital setting. The speciality wards in the hospital are not many, just a critical care unit, a maternal care unit, respiratory and cardiac unit, and an emergency unit. The number of beds per unit is 20 to 25 maximum. The subject population or subject setting opted for this assignment will be the respiratory and cardiac care ward as the chances for infection are the maximum in case of these two complicated healthcare concerns (Roy, 2017). Another important aspect of any improvement program is standardizing and determining the target group. The target group selected for this assignment is the registered nurses and enrolled nurse is that are working in the respiratory and Cardiac unit of the small scale hospital in India. The rationale behind choosing this group of nurses is the fact that the studies suggests most of the infections on a more precise note the most Hospital acquired infections are prevalent in the respiratory and cardiac unit due to the abundance of machinery and clinical tools that are used in those two wards. In the quality improvement design we have also incorporated the number of nurses working purchased to better understand the manner and method of implementing these interventions to initiate the best results. As a matter of fact the Lifeline hospital that has been selected for this assignment has 45 nurses working in the entire hospital and the respiratory and Cardiac Care Unit has been allotted 10 nurses. Our intervention program will target all the nurses at a working in the night shift in the each unit to ensure that the minimal damage is done to the daily patterns of working and caring of the patients (Rai et al., 2017). The next step to the model is outlining the intervention program that will be implemented on the nurse population selected. As mentioned about the major reason behind the massive non compliance to hand hygiene policy in the nursing population is due to the lack of education, training and understanding about the benefits and advantages of such infection control policies. Text in order to enforce compliance to the hand hygiene policy in the nursing population selected it will be required educate them train them and explain to them the benefits of using hand hygiene as a daily protocol to the nursing schedule. The quality improvement program will incorporate all the education and training programs that could be provided to the nursing population of the selected hospital to ensure compliance to the hand hygiene policy and it will include hand hygiene workshops, seminars and presentations to make them understand the benefits of use using hand hygiene policy and also demonstrated programs and interactive test to ensure that they have understood how to incorporate hand hygiene in today daily schedule with clarity and transparency (Ng, Shaban van de Mortel, 2017). The intervention program will begin with an intern introductory beginning scale presentations to explain to them the benefits of hand hygiene policy and how the hospital authority is that have incorporated hand hygiene policies have benefited from it. Experienced and comprehensive speakers from the field of Healthcare and infection control will be participating in this presentation with interactive learning module to ensure that the nursing population selected has the best chance understand all the aspects of hand hygiene policy clearly. After all the academic training about hand hygiene policy, the introduction of it and the establishment of it, the nurses will be demonstrated the activities, the when the why and the how's of hand hygiene policy in a healthcare setting. It has to be understood that regardless of academically training the nurses of the small scale hospital setting will not be enough to integrate hand hygiene policy to the daily schedule. Education about hand hygiene policy, how it will benefit the patients and how it will protect the nurses themselves from different infections will generate the understanding of the need of hand hygiene policy in the health care setting but it will not explain to them how they can incorporate hand hygiene policy into the daily schedule. To achieve that goal the nurses will have to be demonstrated and allowed to experience in hand in a workshop setting. Here's the second part of the intervention program will be elaborative and interactive workshop setting where the exp erienced and renowned personnels of infection control Programme of World Health Organisation will demonstrate the name the easy and simple 5 moments of hand hygiene program. This program will demonstrate to the process in a practical setting when how and why incorporate hand hygiene in the daily health care setting of the work schedule. There after the necessity allowed to perform hand hygiene in all the variables of the 5 moments of hand hygiene program, that is before touching a patient, before our safety procedures, before and after body fluid exposure, after touching the patient, and after touching the patient surroundings. An interactive and comprehensive educational leaflet will be provided to the nurses post the workshop to ensure that they retain all they have learned in the seminar and workshop for years to come (Nair et al., 2014). The last and most important step of this quality improvement program will be measuring the changes that the intervention program was able to bring in order to do so and interactive contest will be held in which the tennis objects will be supplied a set of questionnaires on hand hygiene policy that they have to fill up based on the knowledge they have gained in the seminar and workshop programs and later on they will be monitored periodically in their working setting. In this evaluative measurement program the data will be collected from the filled out questionnaires and the performance of the nurses in the daily activities. The data will be analysed to ensure the progress the quality of improvement program could bring to the daily work schedule of the subject nurses (Morelli, 2016). In order to articulate all the intervention programs that has been a part of this quality improvement the stakeholders associated with this setting that is the hostel management the clinical Champions and opinion leaders that have been invited to participate in the presentation and seminars will be informed and consented before the beginning of this quality improvement program. In order to ascertain the ethical justification of this quality improvement programme the nurse subjects and all the other stakeholders associated with this program will be briefed and their wilful consent will be elicited (McCalla et al., 2017). Measuring best practice: Quality improvement programme will be incomplete without an accurate and demonstrative data collection and data analysis procedure. In order to ascertain that the nursing population selected from the program have understood the benefits of hand hygiene policy and will diligently comply to it the data collection is necessary by all means. As mentioned above after the successful completion of the workshop setting a set of Questionnaires will be distributed to the subject nose population to and short the level of understanding about hand hygiene and afterwards their performance with the patient on the basis of compliance to hand hygiene policy will be measured periodically. The data will be collected every big to track the progress of the improvement program and evaluate the efficacy of the program in generating compliance. The data will be collected with the help of Earth hand hygiene compliance checklist that will be prepared by the improvement program team (Lapinski et al., 2013). The data collection will be carried out by the nursing managers and also the improvement program leaders and clinical Champions that have been brought forward into the hospital setting to reduce hand hygiene in the life line hospital. The data collection procedure will be real time observing the performance of the nurses throughout the work schedule and then their performance will be audited. This change strategy will be implemented on a small setting first that is the night shift nurses and on the basis of the success of the strategy it will be implemented on the other group of nurses. As mentioned above to justify the justification of this improvement program the privacy will be maintained at any circumstances and the data collected will be dealt with extreme confidentiality (Lanning, 2014). Quality improvement programme will be incomplete without an accurate and demonstrative data collection and data analysis procedure. In order to ascertain that the nursing population selected from the program have understood the benefits of hand hygiene policy and will diligently comply to it the data collection is necessary by all means. As mentioned above after the successful completion of the workshop setting a set of Questionnaires will be distributed to the subject nose population to and short the level of understanding about hand hygiene and afterwards their performance with the patient on the basis of compliance to hand hygiene policy will be measured periodically. The data will be collected every big to track the progress of the improvement program and evaluate the efficacy of the program in generating compliance. The data will be collected with the help of hand hygiene compliance checklist that will be prepared by the improvement program team (Langoya Fuller, 2015). The data collection will be carried out by the nursing managers and also the improvement program leaders and clinical Champions that have been brought forward into the hospital setting to reduce hand hygiene in the life line hospital. The data collection procedure will be real time observing the performance of the nurses throughout the work schedule and then their performance will be audited. This change strategy will be implemented on a small setting first that is the night shift nurses and on the basis of the success of the strategy it will be implemented on the other group of nurses. As mentioned above to justify the justification of this improvement program the privacy will be maintained at any circumstances and the data collected will be dealt with extreme confidentiality (Huis et al., 2013). Data analysis: The next step to the program will be the analysis of the collected data, in order to bring order to this program the data will be collected every week as the improvement program progresses. As the data collected are real time data the analysis procedure opted will be qualitative. The analysis of the data will be presented as bar graphs and charts on the bases if percentage of compliance and accuracy. The progress of the subjects will be displayed each week on the common notice board of the health care facility to ensure that the participants can assess their progress. At the end of each week progress analysis meeting will be held with the Healthcare management and definitions of the hospital with the quality improvement team to assess and evaluate the problems that the nurses are making. Thrilling the feedback about the performance of the nurses before and after the following improvement plan will not only facilities more sincere effort from the nurses and but also generate understan ding about efficacy of the program so that other Health Care units can utilize these programs to improve their care standards (Hagel et al., 2015). Conclusion: On a concluding note it can be said that the healthcare organizations and authorities are taking adequate steps to ensure the best quality of Health Care provided to each and every individual of our society. It has to be understood that his day is not a commodity that can be purchased based on the socio economic status of the individuals. Rather Healthcare is a basic necessity that each and every sector of our society has a right to regardless of the social economic or racial aspects. Infection control policies were introduced on the foundation of this motto, to ensure that every patient has a safe comfortable and optimal experience in any Healthcare facilities that the witch to access in any part of the word. Healthcare practice guidelines like this that are enforced by the Global authorities have the purpose of enforcing the best care standards for the patients regardless of the fact that the demographic restrictions do not affect the quality of care. However in many developing countries the healthcare facilities have no access or infrastructure to introduce these improved and effective guidelines to ensure best practice. This periodic quality improvement program and assessment can help small scale hospitals in developing areas to incorporate best practices in Healthcare so that the patients are not deprived of quality care. References: Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M. L., Moro, M. L., ... Donaldson, L. (2013). Global implementation of WHO's multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,13(10), 843-851. Brotfain, E., Livshiz-Riven, I., Gushansky, A., Erblat, A., Koyfman, L., Ziv, T., ... Borer, A. (2017). Monitoring the hand hygiene compliance of health care workers in a general intensive care unit: Use of continuous closed circle television versus overt observation.American Journal of Infection Control. Chatfield, S. L., DeBois, K., Nolan, R., Crawford, H., Hallam, J. S. (2017). Hand hygiene among healthcare workers: A qualitative meta summary using the GRADE-CERQual process. Journal Of Infection Prevention, 18(3), 104-120. doi:10.1177/1757177416680443 Donnelly, P., Kirk, P. (2015). Use the PDSA model for effective change management.Education for Primary Care,26(4), 279-281. Grayson, M. L., Russo, P., Ryan, K., Havers, S., Heard, K., Australia, H. H. (2013). 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene.Hand Hyg Aust. Hagel, S., Reischke, J., Kesselmeier, M., Winning, J., Gastmeier, P., Brunkhorst, F. M., ... Pletz, M. W. (2015). Quantifying the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene compliance through comparing direct observation with automated hand hygiene monitoring.infection control hospital epidemiology,36(08), 957-962. Huis, A., Hulscher, M., Adang, E., Grol, R., van Achterberg, T., Schoonhoven, L. (2013). Cost-effectiveness of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial.International journal of nursing studies,50(4), 518-526. Huis, A., Schoonhoven, L., Grol, R., Donders, R., Hulscher, M., van Achterberg, T. (2013). Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial.International journal of nursing studies,50(4), 464-474. Kingston, L. M., O'Connell, N. H., Dunne, C. P. (2017). Survey of attitudes and practices of Irish nursing students towards hand hygiene, including handrubbing with alcohol-based hand rub. Nurse Education Today, 5257-62. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.015 Langoya, C. O., Fuller, N. J. (2015). Assessment of knowledge of hand washing among health care providers in Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan.South Sudan Medical Journal,8(3), 60-62. Lanning, M. A. (2014).Improving the plan do study act model: Examining the characteristics of the five silent killers affect on veterans and improving their care using the PDSA model(Doctoral dissertation, Utica College). Lapinski, M. K., Maloney, E. K., Braz, M., Shulman, H. C. (2013). Testing the effects of social norms and behavioral privacy on hand washing: A field experiment.Human Communication Research,39(1), 21-46. McCalla, S., Reilly, M., Thomas, R., McSpedon-Rai, D. (2017). An automated hand hygiene compliance system is associated with improved monitoring of hand hygiene. American Journal Of Infection Control, 45(5), 492-497. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.12.015 Morelli, M. S. (2016). Using the Plan, Do, Study, Act Model to Implement a Quality Improvement Program in Your Practice.The American journal of gastroenterology. Nair, S. S., Hanumantappa, R., Hiremath, S. G., Siraj, M. A., Raghunath, P. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among medical and nursing students at a tertiary health care centre in Raichur, India.ISRN preventive medicine,2014. Ng, W. K., Shaban, R. Z., van de Mortel, T. (2017). Healthcare professionals hand hygiene knowledge and beliefs in the United Arab Emirates. Journal Of Infection Prevention, 18(3), 134-142. doi:10.1177/1757177416677851 Rai, H., Knighton, S., Zabarsky, T. F., Donskey, C. J. (2017). A randomized trial to determine the impact of a 5 moments for patient hand hygiene educational intervention on patient hand hygiene.American journal of infection control,45(5), 551-553. Roy, L. (2017). Maintaining hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of infection. British Journal Of Healthcare Management, 23(5), 209-213. doi:10.12968/bjhc.2017.23.5.209 Siddiqui, N., Friedman, Z., McGeer, A., Yousefzadeh, A., Carvalho, J. C., Davies, S. (2017). Optimal hand washing technique to minimize bacterial contamination before neuraxial anesthesia: a randomized control trial.International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia,29, 39-44. Smiddy, M. P., O'Connell, R., Creedon, S. A. (2015). Systematic qualitative literature review of health care workers' compliance with hand hygiene guidelines.American journal of infection control,43(3), 269-274. Stowell, J. D., Forlin-Passoni, D., Radford, K., Bate, S. L., Dollard, S. C., Bialek, S. R., ... Schmid, D. S. (2014). Cytomegalovirus survival and transferability and the effectiveness of common hand-washing agents against cytomegalovirus on live human hands.Applied and environmental microbiology,80(2), 455-461. Ward, D. (2017). Implementing infection prevention requirements. British Journal Of Healthcare Management, 23(5), 200-204. doi:10.12968/bjhc.2017.23.5.200 WHO | About SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands. (2017). Who.int. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/5moments/en Wolf, L., Doane, E. and Thompson, S., 2015. Use of the PDSA Model with the ERAS Checklist.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,30(4), p.e26.

Infinity Essays - Cardinal Numbers, Infinity, Elementary Mathematics

Infinity Most everyone is familiar with the infinity symbol, the one that looks like the number eight tipped over on its side. Infinity sometimes crops up in everyday speech as a superlative form of the word many. But how many is infinitely many? How big is infinity? Does infinity really exist? You can't count to infinity. Yet we are comfortable with the idea that there are infinitely many numbers to count with; no matter how big a number you might come up with, someone else can come up with a bigger one; that number plus one, plus two, times two, and many others. There simply is no biggest number. You can prove this with a simple proof by contradiction. Proof: Assume there is a largest number, n. Consider n+1. n+1*n. Therefore the statement is false and its contradiction, ?there is no largest integer,? is true. This theorem is valid based on the ?Validity of Proof by Contradiction.? In 1895, a German mathematician by the name of Georg Cantor introduced a way to describe infinity using number sets. The number of elements in a set is called its cardinality. For example, the cardinality of the set {3, 8, 12, 4} is 4. This set is finite because it is possible to count all of the elements in it. Normally, cardinality has been detected by counting the number of elements in the set, but Cantor took this a step farther. Because it is impossible to count the number of elements in an infinite set, Cantor said that an infinite set has No elements; By this definition of No, No+1=No. He said that a set like this is countable infinite, which means that you can put it into a 1-1 correspondence. A 1-1 correspondence can be seen in sets that have the same cardinality. For example, {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}has a 1-1 correspondence with {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. Sets such as these are countable finite, which means that it is possible to count the elements in the set. Cantor took the idea of 1-1 correspondence a step farther, though. He said that there is a 1-1 correspondence between the set of positive integers and the set of positive even integers. E.g. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...n ...} has a 1-1 correspondence with {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...2n ...}. This concept seems a little off at first, but if you think about it, it makes sense. You can add 1 to any integer to obtain the next one, and you can also add 2 to any even integer to obtain the next even integer, thus they will go on infinitely with a 1-1 correspondence. Certain infinite sets are not 1-1, though. Canter determined that the set of real numbers is uncountable, and they therefore can not be put into a 1-1 correspondence with the set of positive integers. To prove this, you use indirect reasoning. Proof: Suppose there were a set of real numbers that looks like as follows 1st 4.674433548... 2nd 5.000000000... 3rd 723.655884543... 4th 3.547815886... 5th 17.08376433... 6th 0.00000023... and so on, were each decimal is thought of as an infinite decimal. Show that there is a real number r that is not on the list. Let r be any number whose 1st decimal place is different from the first decimal place in the first number, whose 2nd decimal place is different from the 2nd decimal place in the 2nd number, and so on. One such number is r=0.5214211... Since r is a real number that differs from every number on the list, the list does not contain all real numbers. Since this argument can be used with any list of real numbers, no list can include all of the reals. Therefore, the set of all real numbers is infinite, but this is a different infinity from No. The letter c is used to represent the cardinality of the reals. C is larger than No. Infinity is a very controversial topic in mathematics. Several arguments were made by a man named Zeno, a Greek mathematician who lived about 2300 years ago. Much of Cantor's work tries to disprove his theories. Zeno said, ? There is no motion because that which moved must arrive at the middle of its course before it arrives at the

The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Sov Essays

The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. There for it is considered a coldwar US military struggle fought primarily in South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 The Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to 30 April 1975. fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The Viet Cong (also known as the National Liberation Front, or NLF) The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam The U.S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. It began as an attempt by Communist (Vietcong) in the South, backed by Communist North Vietnam, to overthrow the government of South Vietnam. The struggle widened into a war between South Vietnam and North Vietnam and ultimately into a limited international conflict. North(communist) south(anti communist)

I d Hammer Out Freedom Technology as Politics and Culture Essays

I d Hammer Out Freedom Technology as Politics and Culture Essays I d Hammer Out Freedom Technology as Politics and Culture Essay I d Hammer Out Freedom Technology as Politics and Culture Essay Why the Future Doesnt Need us Richard Clove defines the term polypeptide as potent in many ways which is an applicable term in todays technologies vocabulary. Clove considers technologies polythene because all technologies are associated with various hidden social effects and meanings, and that it is mostly in moral excellence of these effects that technologies come to function as a social structure. Technologies essentially work to structure the social characteristics in society by going beyond its intended purpose. People portray technologies in terms of a single primary intended function or occasionally several unctions it is intended to accomplish. Society has come to recognize that technologies tend to create at least two basic effects. Firstly, technologies may produce environmental concerns: air or noise pollution, exhaustion of resources, or a dramatic effect on an ecosystem, which could have a direct or indirect effect on human life. Secondly, technologies may encourage unintentional social consequence such as the replacement of production workers by robots or a community experiencing a sudden and rapid population and economic growth (Winston Delilah, 2012). I agree with Clove that technology has this characteristic. Technology has a profound effect on the way we structure our societies, people should actively engage in discovering the optimistic and pessimistic characteristics of new technologies. During its use, we discover it does more than what it was originally designed to do. My example to demonstrate what Clove terms the polypeptide of technology is the automobile. Automobiles were designed to provide a way to transport people and cargo at a quicker and more convenient way over the current methods that existed at the time, such as horses, horse-drawn carriages, trains, and boats. The invention of the automobile has not only provided a faster and more private mode of transportation, it has altered our social structure far past its original purpose of improving transportation. Like the hammer used by Clove as an example of polypeptide the automobile has allowed individuals to learn about the surface and mechanical properties of materials used to build it, develop critical thinking skills, improve awareness of current surroundings, and generates sound. Automobiles permit individuals to acquire competence and confidence as they drive more often and have come a symbol of self-reliance by allowing individuals the freedom to go from one location to another when needed. People recognized that you could travel further distances in less time, particularly for work. They also grasped the notion they could move away from urban areas while still maintaining a normal culture, thus allowing for a separation among the poor, middlemans, and rich societies. The automobiles functions of social characteristics can differ; as in, an individual can chose to ride alone or invite others to ride with him. Individuals recognize the automobile in different functions, in todays society, whereas an automobile has become more than just a modest mode of transportation anymore, but part of a social characteristic status. E. G. Exotic car owners vs.. Truck owners vs.. Fuel-efficient owners. Some people are more interested in the automobiles options, energy efficiencies and the manufacture brand rather than the true purpose of the vehicle. One Of the main concerns is the ownership of the most modern and up-to-date models. Peer pressure in society, can focus on who can purchase the newest model with the most options, have the ability to determine an individuals popularity r hierarchy in the social structure. The top of the line model is the most preferred automobile; however, most families cannot afford the additional financial burden and possibly have the likelihood of upsetting the relationship among the family members or the social interactions with others. The usage of automobiles has led to other modern day social technologies characteristic habits. For example, advancements in cell phone technology, while good have led to testing or talking while driving on cell phones, therefore accidents or deaths in automobiles have increased over the past decades. Another social characteristic of automobile ownership is the impact it has on the environment with air and noise pollution. These two impacts can have far- reaching effects into future generations. Automobiles also have a social relationship with the development of technologies with large corporations and the government looking at ways to improve current air and noise pollution issues, fuel economy, alternative fuel sources and safer products. As Clove points out, it is important, that we recognize the fact that technology is polythene and understand the relationship of technologies. Technologies help to standardize social behavior in our society because they are themselves governed by both physical and political laws; however, misuse can entail a socially enforced penalty. It is important that we understand that technologies can outline or influence the behavior and relationship of our society. It structures the social relations in which we live and many people unfortunately do not realize the additional social circumstances that can be impacted by technologies.

Child Sexual Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Sexual Abuse - Essay Example Thousands of crimes including homicide, rape, felony, robbery, fraud, embezzlement and others are committed in almost every region of the world on daily basis; child rape and molestation is also included the list the most challenging crimes committed on the face of the earth leaving indelible and incurable affect and impact behind it. Theorists define various reasons behind child sexual abuse, which has direct relationship with structural-functional and social conflict theoretical frameworks. Before embarking upon the topic under analysis, it would be advisable to define child rape. Child rape simply means the sexual victimization and harassment of innocent children and pre-pubertal adolescents generally at the hands of their seniors or adult members of society. It includes rape of minor and defenseless girls and boys, who have not reached the age of puberty. â€Å"Abuse of a child is anything that causes injury or puts the child in danger of physical injury, which can be physical, mental, sexual, or emotional.† (International child abuse network) However, sexual abuse includes touching of child’s private parts, incest, exhibitionism, stripping, pederasty and intercourse etc. The reports reveal that thousands of children become victim of rape and sexual assaults, though only few cases are reported at the police department. â€Å"The National Victim Center estimates that only 16 percent of rapes in the United States are reported each year. This low reporting rate can be attributed in part to the cold, impersonal reporting process†. and the ra pe victim's fear of appearing at the trial of the suspect.† (The legal Dictionary) The reasons behind not reporting the cases on the part of children include the sense of shame and humiliation, fear of punishment from family and threats from the offender; and hurt of ego and of prestige, lack of resources, absence of evidence and fear of enmity as well. Thus, a large proportion of the mishaps took place in the life of children remains concealed from the knowledge of society and law enforcing agencies. â€Å"There were 103,297 substantiated cases in 2003 across Canada (excluding Quebec), a 125% increase in documented child abuse since 1998. This increase is considered a result of improvements in reporting and investigative methods for child abuse, as well as enhanced awareness and understanding of child abuse, not necessarily an increase in the amount of abuse.† (Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect) It has aptly been observed that sexual assaults and harassment adversely tell upon the weak and feeble nerves of innocent children, and it takes several years in their complete convalescence from the trauma caused in the wake of the mishap took place in their life. Sexual attacks not only inflict physical harm to the victims, but also destroy the soul and mind of the poor children. Consequently, they are unable to come out of the shock after many months and even years after the rape. â€Å"Severe child abuse, are re-experienced later in life on a sensory level, due to the fact that those brain and psychological systems responsible for directing the encoding and early organization and processing of explicit, narrative memory material may be flooded by overwhelming emotional input during severe abuse or trauma -- resulting in less integrated, primarily sensory recollections upon exposure to trauma-reminiscent stimuli.† (Briere, 2002:4) The studies also exhibit that a large majority of the victims of child sexual abuse turns out to be

Animation Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animation Film Studies - Essay Example This narration helps to understand the ordinary world in an interceptive manner with the perception of the narrator. Narration is different in different media. The narration in Cinema is different from that of in books, history and psychology. This is due to the motion picture it involves during narration. As the motion picture is absent in books and psychology, the narration need to be a little bit dramatic to make a mark on the mind of the viewer. This is not the case with books, where the standard of the narration is crucial to determine the standard of the effect on the mind of the reader. Due to this the narration in film will help the viewer to see all the world's stories within a single structure framed by combined effort of script, director and other production team. According to Roland Barthes, the extracting from each tale its model, then out of these models making great narrative structure by reapplying is exhausting and undesirable. While stating this he is opposing indiv idual models for different tales that diversify the cinema narration. This statement supports the narration of world's stories under a single structure like ascetics see the whole landscape in a single bean. There are enough doubts about the validity of the statement when the tales of different cultures and different environments are considered. Do single structure for cinema narration holds good for different tales of different environments and cultures. This statement is made While Roland Barthes talks bout reality. When we consider same reality, according to Robin Wood, Metz is being insufficiently concrete and too concerned about abstract proposals. This abstractness, according to the view of Robin wood, will decrease the standard of reality. The naturality in narration of certain films and singularity in the body of the text made number of critics like robin wood to criticise the works of Christian Metz. They term the works as exploitation of filmic analysis. The abstract theor ies of Metz are opposite to cohesion and structure of the film while considering the film as representation or as a world. While making these comments or criticism, there is no reference about reality. Affecting the reality is affecting the truth. The truth of film cannot be expressed through Metz's system of narration as they are being more abstract. So according to critics of Metz, too much abstractness may affect truth or reality in terms of ordinary understanding. In this case, there should be different structures to different types of stories that give completely different conclusions. The film may appear in the form of obsession and desire if the narration is too abstract. One cannot tally obsession or desire with truth as the desire will be truth if it is fulfilled. So the desires cannot be expressed in narration of cinema Do they effect the reality of the narration involved These are the questions to be answered while considering or criticising the abstractness of Metz and h is theories. This type of criticism is due to the virulence with which Metz has been criticised is not due to lack of importance to structure of narration in the film but the abstract nature and too much organics he opposed. The opposing of organics or naturality is due to the emphasis on abstractness and he may not directly opposed the reality or naturality but the abstract sounding of his theories might have affected the

An Important Person in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Important Person in History - Essay Example In many discourses and articles, he demanded a capable prosecution against servitude and bigotry, gave an unstoppable voice of trust for his kin, grasped abolitionism governmental issues and lectured his brand of American beliefs. Douglass life as a reformer went from his abolitionist exercises in the early 1840s to his strike on Jim Crow and lynching in the 1890s. For sixteen years he altered a powerful dark daily paper and attained universal acclaim as a speaker and essayist of extraordinary enticing force. In many talks and articles he collected an overpowering prosecution against bondage and bigotry, gave an unstoppable voice of trust for his kin, grasped slavery resisting legislative issues, and lectured his brand of American beliefs. In the 1850s he broke with the strictly moralist brand of abolitionism headed by William Lloyd Garrison; he underpinned the early ladies rights development; and he gave immediate aid to John Browns trick that prompted the attack on Harpers Ferry in 1859. The overwhelming American slave account initially distributed in 1845, Frederick Douglass Narrative compellingly subtle elements the life of the abolitionist from his introduction to the world into subjection in 1818 to his break to the North in 1838, how he bear the day by day physical and profound brutalities of his holders and driver, how he figured out how to peruse and compose, and how he developed into a man who could just live free or pass on. Notwithstanding Douglass fantastic collection of memoirs, this new version additionally incorporates his most acclaimed discourse "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" and his just known work of fiction, The Heroic Slave, which was composed, to some extent, as a reaction to Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. Previous slave, ardent abolitionist, splendid essayist, daily paper editorial manager and expressive speaker whose discourses terminated

Timeliness And Method Of Internal Communication Management Essay

Timeliness And Method Of Internal Communication Management Essay This final chapter will provide an overview of the information and most important findings of the research. Next, a broad analysis of the conclusions and amelioration aspects will be provided in order for the organization to improve their current business strategies with regard to corporate reputation. Finally strategies for improvements will be presented. 5.2 Conclusions One of the variables analyzed in the research is the way, timeliness and method of internal communication within the organization is conducted as part of the Corporate Communication variable. In this specific case, the internal communication was not rated as high as it should be when evaluating its importance in the day- to-day business operations. Although the vast majority agrees that internal communication within an organization is important to smoothen and facilitate the core tasks that the organization has to carry out and that it also impacts the corporate reputation, it was established to be below average. When new projects are introduced, these are not explained internally as the employees would like them to. The lack of this information implies that they, in most of the cases, learn about certain developments in the media instead of being the first ones to be informed. It is also very remarkable that, although the SBAB is classified as a vertical organization, the management decisions are not well communicated to the employees, according to 50% of the respondents. If an organization has a vertical manner of doing business, where most of the decisions are made by the Di in dialogue with the management, it is a must for the organization to have an impeccable top down communication. This is with the main focus to prevent misunderstandings and miscommunications in the core business. The employees fully agreed, with a score of 70%, that the organization is being managed in a top down way. A lack of internal communication can also be perceived externally by the tax payers which will result in a lack of credibility towards the organization itself. This clearly shows that, although team meetings have as their main objective to communicate decisions taken by the management, this is obviously not the case. However, although the fact that decisions are not well communicated, the employees do not get information from the outside world. Another important aspect in the communication process is the timeliness of the communication. In this specific case the organization scored a low grade because a majority of the respondents disagreed with the statements that information is timely provided when a new event is about to take place in the workplace. Another aspect that did not score as well as it should is information regarding change management. Most respondents think that changes are implemented and afterwards when questions come on behalf of the employees, they get the information regarding the change. Based on the questions asked by the researcher on the internal communication aspect of the communication, the relationship with the organizations reputation was established to be a moderate one with a correlation coefficient of .615. In other words, a positive relationship was established between these two variables meaning that the internal communication moderately affects the corporate reputation. With regard to the external communication variable on the other hand, a rather large percentage of the employees neither agreed nor disagreed with the statements regarding the organizations efforts to communicate plans of new projects and other events with the external audience. These percentages surpass half of the amount of respondents. However, they acknowledged SBABs efforts in communicating effectively and efficiently with the external stakeholders but there is definitely more to be done. Furthermore, almost 82% of the respondents definitely agreed on the fact that the external communication has an impact on the organizations reputation. In this case the correlation coefficient for this variable, external communication, in relationship with the organizations reputation, this was established to be .880 which means that there is definitely a high correlation between these two. These responses on the statements regarding these two variables regarding communication, are the main reason why the employees gave a 6- (5.92) for SBABs overall communication efforts. The variable that has greatly impacted this mark is the internal communication aspect which they consider to be below what is acceptable. The last variable to be analyzed in relationship with the corporate reputation is the corporate social responsibility strategy. The SBAB has scored very high in its efforts to give back to the society. The organizations strategy of giving back to the less fortunate children of our society and the involvement of the personnel in this process is a big hit with 95% of the respondents agreeing that these efforts help in the corporate reputation building. The overall mark provided for this business strategy is an 8.05. However, the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation was also established to be moderate (.619) because, as stated in the literature review, it is not mandatory for an organization to adopt this strategy in the reputation building process. Nevertheless, if this strategy is well implemented and consistent, it will definitely affect the stakeholders perception of the organization. For the organization to know what the steps are that need to be undergone in order to improve its way of doing business, it should know how it actually performs. Based on this, an analysis was also performed on the current reputation of the organization. It can be concluded that, although a lack of internal communication was identified, the employees do not think that the SBAB currently has a less positive reputation. More than 80% say that through the years, they heard more positive news about the SBAB than negative. Although there is a relatively large amount (respectively 41.7% and 50%) that say that the news that they hear about the SBAB in the media is not always positive and that they do not always receive a positive reaction when they tell an outsider that they work for the SBAB. 5.3 Recommendations In order to improve the reputation of the organization, the following actions should be taken to stimulate a clearer, timely and transparent communication towards the employees. The management should involve the employees more in the process of making decisions that directly affect the employees. In other words, stimulate more bottom-up communication as the employees can give valuable input in certain situations because they work in the field and definitely know better. This can be done by polls managed by the manager of each team. In the case a certain rule will be adapted, for example the team managers must gather with the team members and let them vote on the proposed change. The manager of each team must present their results in the management meeting with the accompanying arguments. After these have been analyzed, decisions can be made in personnel related aspects. Assign a person and a substitute when absent who are solely responsible for all communication towards the organization itself and the external audience (a Communication Officer). This in order to prevent misunderstandings and confusion about who is the one that gives the accurate information. Management meetings are mostly held once a month. Decisions taken and other significant information with regard to new projects and personnel, for example must be communicated to the Communication Officer who will develop a newsletter, on a monthly basis, to inform the internal audience properly. After the employees have been informed, decisions regarding the external audience must be made public through press releases and, where possible, television interviews. This last part is in order to achieve a greater awareness. All of these efforts must be done by the Communications Officer, thus by centralizing of the information channel, in order to also prevent misunderstandings and confusion by the press. This monthly bulletin will only cover management decisions and other objective information. For more subjective information about new colleagues, birthdays and other personnel-related, non-work related activities, the BAB Aktueel must be published quarterly as it is currently done.. In order to create a higher level of awareness of the core tasks of the organization and its corporate social responsibility strategy, a monthly column can be publicized in newspapers (both in Papiamentu and Dutch) as well as in short television program of approximately 5 minutes to be aired during prime time on both local television channels, in which an employee of the organization is interviewed about tax legislation changes, the way and reason of a tax audit and to highlight the organizations efforts in helping 150 less fortunate children of the society etcetera. A timely and accurate communication is not only part of the reputation building process but also in the maintenance hereof. A method of continuously monitoring the corporate reputation is also through an evaluation form that has to be handed out by the tax auditor to the tax payer. Although paying taxes and correcting what did not go well is not the most favorite subject and people tend to be negative about it; however, if the process has gone according to the rules and with the respect needed, the organization can also receive valuable feedback from the external stakeholders also. If these recommendations are aligned next to each other, the conclusion can be drawn that in order for the organization to be perceived positively among both the internal and the external stakeholders, timely and accurate communication is the key aspect. The communication within the organization itself and from the organization towards the outside world is like the heart in a human body. It is the main organ and the one which life is not possible without. A smooth corporate communication will definitely facilitate the core business and from an external point of view the organization will be considered a transparent one. Corporate communication Organization Figure 1 Human body and the heart function

Analysis of Blinking Hell, a Sight Savers International Campaign Essay

The article 'Blinking Hell' is written for the purpose of informing a number of audiences about an eye disorder existing in economically developing countries. The title of this extract, 'Blinking Hell' carries a double meaning. The Statement 'blinking hell' traditionally serves as an exclamatory comment. For the intention of this article, the author has changed the exclamation to a verb and a noun and the semantics of it become literal. The graphology of the text is like that of a newspaper article, set out in columns with an emboldened title and graphic image. Presumably, this was done in this fashion as it may have featured within a newspaper. Equally, the reasons could have been purely to draw attention to the text. 'Blinking Hell' opens with an exposition giving no clear meaning as to what it's putting across to the reader. By using this short phrase, the author has encouraged the audience to read on and discover its significance. No noun is present in this opening statement and, is instead, immediately substituted for a pronoun. 'At first it's not too bad' In the next paragraph, the writer goes on to describe the behaviour of a child in relation to their eyes. The noun child is used along with the description with average child-like behaviour for certain readers to identify with. The writer is writing this on the basis that most adults have seen a young one perform this action. At the end of this section, verbs and a noun are used within a simple sentence to reveal the main subject of this text piece. 'And that's all it takes to spread trachoma' Throughout the rest of the text, the writer has gone into explicit d... ... written in a biased and un-scientific way as if it was a tabloid article. 'scarring the child's eyelid a little bit more' The noun child has been used to inform the reader of which type of people fall into the category of Trachoma sufferers. The author has chosen only to tell the audience that children are the victims, despite it being a disease that does not discriminate. This device was most probably used to persuade and emotionally involve which is a vital skill for fund raisers of any form. At the end of the article, the author uses persuasive language in the form of a complex sentence as a last attempt to convince the prospective donater. 'Â £5 is all we need for the operation' The verb 'need' is used to show the importance of the operation, thus the importance of the reader donating money to the cause.

My Argument Paper

Stefanie Markel 1/2/2012 English Composition II Maria Mahon Adoption vs. Artificial Insemination Argument Essay When starting a family, parents are given several options. Unassisted pregnancy, where a couple gets pregnant with no outside interference, artificial insemination, or adoption are several options that a couple would consider when deciding to start a family. The two that I will focus on are the latter two, adoption and artificial insemination. Adoption is a special, somewhat heartbreaking subject for me, however, for the sake of this argument, it needs to be addressed. I will touch on the pros and cons of each technique of starting a family. My position is that the decision to adopt or be artificially inseminated is an informed decision that each person should make after reviewing all of the information that one can gather. IF it were me, I would prefer artificial insemination, for of course, my own personal reasons. The adoption process brings to light several pros and several cons that a couple or single parent would need to consider before proceeding. Before considering adoption, one would need to consider these things, 1. cost of adoption, 2. ) domestic or international adoption, 3. ) and cost of caring for child, 4. ) opened or closed adoption. One pro of adoption is if you are not able to have a child of your own, there are many children out there that need a home and family to care for them. Depending on the situation a child is in, you may be saving that child from abuse, neglect, poverty, or malnutrition from environmental challenges (if a dopted internationally you may see this more so than domestically). On the other hand, it may be a situation of an underage mother that has no help or ability to care for the child. Another pro of adoption is that you would be able to have a child even if you as couple or as a single mother cannot conceive on your own. A con of adoption is that it is expensive; there is a lot that goes into approving someone to be able to adopt a child. And the time that it takes for an adoption to be finalized can take months up to years. The end result of holding a child in your arms is the biggest pro of all. Now a con in the child’s point of view would be not knowing who your biological parents are or your heritage. As a child who was adopted grows older, he/she may have questions that can be difficult at best to explain depending on the circumstances of the adoption. This is where my experience comes in; however, my experience is an exceptional situation. I was adopted by my maternal grandmother at the age of 10 years old. This was an open adoption. This made things very difficult. My mother did not just have my grandmother adopt and then leave me be. No, she was in and out of my life constantly, usually when it was convenient for her. This made things difficult for my adoptive mother to deal with. This is not usually a normal situation. My children, not by my choice, however, were also adopted last year. The adoptive parents do not allow me contact, this is a closed adoption. I hope to one day change this. (personal experience) While my mother gave up her rights willingly, I did not willingly sign the papers giving up my rights, I was forced to. These are two extreme situations of adoption. When my children get older, they will ask the questions of who they are and where they come from of their adoptive parents, then my hope is that they will come find me so that we may eventually have a mother/children relationship. The second option that is available for prospective parents is artificial insemination. This is a slightly less expensive option to become parents, depending on what route you take. A pro to this, is that you can become a natural parent, by this I mean the child is yours biologically. Now depending on the situation, you may be seeking to have a child, but do not have a partner. Or your partner (male) may not be able to help conceive a child. These are just two reasons that you would choose this option, there are many reasons, and all are different for different people. In this process, at least one process that is, you can go to cryogenic clinic, select the donor you wish, and have a doctor inseminate you. To choose a donor, select age, race, medical history (personal and family), profession, hobbies. This will bring up donors to choose from. Another con is that even though you can select pretty much everything about a donor, your child will not look like your partner, and could eventually raise questions later. Another con, as a single parent choosing this option, as your child grows older, they may ask questions that you cannot answer, as well as the question to find their biological father. In conclusion, of the two options given, each have their pros and cons but they both have a wonderful ending result, a child to love. No matter what choice you choose, remember a child is a precious responsibility and nothing to take lightly. When it comes time for me to choose, it may be possible for me to choose both, having been adopted I do know the benefits to the child in a normal situation. And I would love to experience pregnancy again, although I may not have a partner, I do know that I will have lots of support if I decide to do the second option. I would very much like to give a child a home someday and get them out of whatever situation they are in. References Adoption. com, retrieved 1/4/2012 from http://forums. doption. com/thanks-life/62158-seeking-adoptees-pro-life-pro-adoption-testimonies. html Adoption. org, retrieved 1/3/2012 from http://www. adoption. org/adopt/pro-adoption. php Personal Experience of being adopted and having my children taken from me and being adopted by foster parents LifeScript: Healthy Living for Women, retrieved 1/3/201, http://www. lifescript. com/Health/Conditions/Womens- health/Pregnancy/The_Pros_And_Cons_Of_Artificial_Insemination. aspx WebMD, retrieved 1/3/2012 from http://www. webmd. com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/artificial-insemination

Grass Farming in The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan

Grass Farming in The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan Thesis Statement: Has the study of the book â€Å"Omnivores Dilemma† Impacted on the way people eat?Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Grass Farming in The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Grass: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Pasture This section stipulates that the grass farmer utilizes some of the oldest farming practices. It adds that the grass farmer should not just be treated as a traditional farmer but he should also be regarded as the one who has taken all the knowledge that people have acquired over the years and used it in a completely revolutionary manner. The grass farmer grows different species of crops and rears different breeds of animals then allows them to work together so that they can flourish. The grass absorbs sunlight and converts it into energy. Cows on the other hand graze on the grass and in turn fertilize it. Chickens then utilize the bug s that they get from the fertilized soil and thus eliminate pests. This study is important in that it helps people to understand how farmers utilize the different methods of crop production to produce crops and rear breeds that are of high quality (Pollan 54). This study is significant in that it has notified different farmers on how they should allow fertilization to take place naturally in order to ensure that their soil remains productive and free from pests. It is true therefore that traditional farming and rearing mechanisms are efficient in terms of maintaining the productivity of the soil. It is also important for farmers to put into consideration the issue of successful grass farming. For grass farming to be effective, a farmer should ensure that he rears different breeds of livestock to graze in the field which then put natural manure to the field. Farmers should try as much as possible to refrain from applying man-made manure into the field as this would have the long run effect of destroying the fertility of the soil (Pollan 55). The Animals: Practicing Complexity This section describes the manner in which raising of cows, chickens, Larvae, grass, and bacteria play an important role in preventing the need for fertilizers, wormers, and antibiotics. This section is significant in that it demonstrates that all animals depend on each other to achieve specified goals which are specified by farmers. For example, chickens act as the cleaning crew, while the pigs are used to spread manure in the field. This is a complex system and in order for people to catch up with it, they invented the wheel whose goal is to simplify the complex process that is used by chickens and pigs (Pollan 57).Advertising Looking for book review on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Slaughter: In  a Glass Abattoir This section reflects on the Omnivores dilemma. It argues that if people do not have th e ability to feed the animals that they have, then they should refrain from eating them. The section notifies people that death is part of life the animals being slaughtered. They should therefore give animals a good life and death. This implies that people should show appreciation for the animals that they rear and slaughter them using recommended tools. The Market: Greetings from the Non-Barcode People Organic food substances are described by many people as being elitist. This means that it is not possible for the average American to afford organic products. Research has shown that people are very much willing to use their money to meet the needs of their cell phones, giant TVs, and high speed internet but they cannot afford to meet the costs of organic food which have been raised sustainably (Pollan 45). This therefore shows that people do not value the products that add value to their health. They choose other pressures over organics that would add more value to their health. Th e Meal: Grass Fed Most people love consuming products that are not only local, sustainable or organic, but they also love consuming products that are produced on a seasonal basis. It is said that those foods that are grown in seasons have higher nutritive value compared to those foods that are present throughout the year. Seasonal products also add quality and taste to food (Pollan 46). Many people therefore have different experiences in the tastes, enjoyment, and quality when they consume a product that has been produced seasonally. Food that is produced seasonally has a higher nutritional value because of its nature. Impact of reading the Omnivores Dilemma The book â€Å"Omnivores Dilemma† has a very significant influence in determining the way people eat. The book lays its emphasis on whether people should eat fast foods or organic foods. Pollan stipulates that the health of children and the environment plays an important role in sustaining life on earth (56). Pollanâ€⠄¢s readings have also had significant influence on the way people eat. People have therefore found it necessary to consume food that adds more value to their health and hence enabling them to minimize incidences of acquiring health related complications. Pollan’s writing style therefore induces people to adopt more healthy eating habits in order to increase their survival rate. It is therefore advisable for a person to ensure that he reads more of Pollan’s books since they inspire people to adopt healthy lifestyle.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Grass Farming in The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, New York: Penguin Group, 2006. Print

Quotes to Help You Celebrate Everyday Life

Quotes to Help You Celebrate Everyday Life You wake up every morning, wondering what the day has in store for you. It could be a fun day full of happy surprises, new friendships, and accomplishment, or it could be a lousy day with the boss yelling at you, your car breaking down, or your cat running off. Some days are good; some not so good. However, life is always good. Albert Einstein said, In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. If you look at life positively, you may find that a hurdle is a stepping stone to success. Instead of making excuses, you find reasons to succeed. Each failure teaches us important lessons in life. Successes and failures are part of life. Recharge your soul with positive thinking. Start your day by affirming that life is good. Quotes that build positive energy are great stress busters. Quotes Helen Keller: So long as the memory of certain beloved friends lives in my heart, I shall say that life is good.Dan Brookoff: Pain does not have a moral value. Drugs do not have a moral value. Life is good; to be cherished, promoted and supported. We, as physicians, should not be moralizing about pain or its treatments.Euripides: There is just one life for each of us: our own.Boris Pasternak: The great majority of us are required to live a life of constant duplicity. Your health is bound to be affected if, day after day, you say the opposite of what you feel,  if you grovel before what you dislike, and rejoice at what brings you nothing but misfortune.Doug Horton: Life is good when we think its good. Life is bad when we dont think.Samuel Johnson: Almost every man wastes part of his life in attempts to display qualities which he does not possess  and to gain applause which he cannot keep.Bertrand Russell: The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.Jason Zebehazy : Three things are needed for a good life: good friends, good food, and good song. Winston Churchill: We make a living by what we get; we make a life by what we give.Ann Landers: Nobody gets to live life backward. Look ahead. That is where your future lies.Steven Coallier: Attack life; its going to kill you anyway.Claude Pepper: Life is like riding a bicycle. You dont fall off unless you plan to stop peddling.Ralph Waldo Emerson: It is not the length of life but the depth of life.Samuel Butler: All of the animals except for man know that the principle business of life is to enjoy it.Josh Billings: Life consists not in holding good cards but in playing those you hold well.Albert Schweitzer: A great secret of success is to go through life as a man who never gets used up.Abraham Lincoln: And in the end, its not the years in your life that count. Its the life in your years.Isak Dinesen: Difficult times have helped me to understand better than before, how infinitely rich and beautiful life is in every way, and that so many things that one goes worrying about are of no i mportance whatsoever. Albert Einstein: There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.Karl Wallenda: Being on the tightrope is living; everything else is waiting.Buddha: On lifes journey, faith is nourishment, virtuous deeds are a shelter, wisdom is the light by day, and right mindfulness is the protection by night. If a man lives a pure life, nothing can destroy him.Sid Caesar: In between goals is a thing called life that has to be lived and enjoyed.Lou Holtz: Never tell your problems to anyone. 20 percent dont care and the other 80 percent are glad you have them.Dr. Seuss: Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind dont matter and those who matter dont mind.Alexander Graham Bell: When one door closes, another opens, but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one that has opened for us.

Globalization Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization Effect - Essay Example Factors such as advanced technological changes and the evolution of advanced communication methods have informed the way modern day students think, learn and interact. The Australian education structure has not been left behind in the globalization process. It is for this reason that its education system is informed by changes in the society and promoted by top quality teaching, which is encouraged by critical thinking and compound global perspectives. This education system also seeks to expand students’ capacity to be vital consumers of information from the media, analyze information, develop arguments, tackle unfairness; grow compassion for others, and arbitrate conflicts (Bliss, 2003, p 3). The first part of this paper will therefore seek to examine the concept of globalization in light of the Australian education system and seek to analyze the extent to which globalization has affected the Australian education system. This will focus on technologies and mechanisms that hav e been introduced in the Australian education system. The second part of this paper will in part be addressed the impact of globalization on Australian education based on sociology and will thus lay emphasis on the impact of globalization on the interaction of students in the Australian education centers. ... Australian students have thus developed their own perception and have used this perception to interpret and judge the behavior, lifestyle and standard of other people. To overcome this problem, the students are encouraged to reflect on how human perspectives are shaped by gender, age, creed, ethnicity, culture, class, geographical location, language, nationality, race and ideology. The challenge is therefore for the teachers to encourage students to appreciate the limitations of the perspectives they have developed, and challenge each other’s assumptions by promoting differing views that inject new ideas and perceptions of the world. This kind of thinking is known to encourage pluralist views, thereby enabling students to appreciate and respect beliefs, values and customs that are different from their own. This highly radical Australian global education seeks to prepare Australian students to live in this highly globalized world by acquiring a succinct understanding of a rapid ly shifting cultural, environmental, economic, technological and global trend. The Australian global education seeks to support this assertion that the globalization theory and the globalization practice are linked with one another. This is because such a global education instills principles and values that enable the students to become better citizens of the universe. Most of this global educational change in Australia has been occasioned by rapid technological and multicultural changes that have revolutionized the global education systems. The technological improvements have made learning much easier and informed a rapid exchange of ideas and information. These advanced technologies have now been

Article Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Article Report - Essay Example As it is, therefore, a person’s career is a key life constituency evolving around work and time. Apart from the provision of income, work offers a sense of purpose, challenge and self-fulfillment. It is a source of interactive life challenges via social networking that often powers on creativity with a sense of identity as an end result. Quite simply, career is a life journey with either the choice of a beaten path or another to navigate (Baruch, 2004). Andolsen’s article entitled â€Å"Six Steps to Your Successful Career Path† is an informative, career guide that engenders navigation principles of self-assessment, decision making and life planning towards a successful career path for RIM professionals. Notably, the multifaceted approach of the modern career training is pushing the employer to the periphery out of the mainstream control of employee-skills (Baruch, 2003). The circumstantial phenomenon leaves â€Å"expertise† as the most treasured and sought-after strategic resource by the employer (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 2002; Andolsen, 2008). With a background of â€Å"a dusty filing system†, the scarcity of the prized resource has informed a structured career path for RIM practitioners aimed at attaining relevance in an era of a digitized managerial control. In a bid to start off RIM practitioners towards the foregoing painstaking journey, Andolsen provides a useful six-step career planning framework ful ly fitted with self-evaluative mechanisms for a dynamic career prospects (Andolsen, 2008). Career is essentially a â€Å"vehicle† for the realization of the self. More accurately, it is a vehicle through which the individual begins a constructive conception of the self in the sense of the world (Adamson, 1997). It is no wonder, therefore, that the interrogation of the self begins the Andolsen’s six-step career planning framework

Strategic Management - Southwest Airlines Essay

Strategic Management - Southwest Airlines - Essay Example Despite having having gone through some legal battles, it has nonetheless pulled from them to be a resounding airline company. However, there is need for a hallmark of strategies within its paradigm of domestic ridership. These strategies should be tailored around offering in flight luxuries such as in flight meals and entertainment, and providing different seating options such as first & business class accommodations (Jackson, 2011). This will go along way in providing what Karami (2003) reckons as a significant component to a firm’s achievement. His view of strategic management is of encompassing the establishment of the groundwork objectives of an organization, by selecting the best goals towards those aims, and seeking to satisfy them with time (Karami, 2003). Strategic formulation, for Southwest Airline Company which will consider and enhance competition for primary categories of customers namely: Travel agents, corporate travel managers, as well as individual travelers, should be the best way forward (Jackson, 2011). Of course, tagging them along that line would lead to adopting strategies that take care of that, and will certainly go along way in being concomitant with what Karami refers to as†¦``prioritizing strategies to pursue’’ (Karami, 2003). ... Beyond that is used to reflect on the Opportunities and Threats exposed by information accrued usually through an evaluation research, the outside environment and by means of comparative studies. In so doing, the team members of an organization as well as the managers employ its usage in the development of a plan (Bohm, 2008). Indeed, it is used in the circumstances of wanting to formulate a strategic plan or often times, crafting out a solution to revert a situation. (Bohm, 2008) So how is SWOT analysis being useful is Southwest Airline? First has been its usefulness in Internal Analysis, which involves the study of the organization’s strengths and weaknesses in a number of theoretically formulated ways (Bohm, 2008). a. Management Capabilities One such is on organizational structure, where the point of focus is usually to examine if the structure limits or enhances flow of information and client responsive mechanisms are in place (Bohm, 2008). Southwest has often demonstrated quick response to clients when their flight delays or a possibility of a flight not taking off due to weather conditions. Besides, the organizational organ gram is such the pecking order is clear and so flow of information to the right people is promptly facilitated for action (Daft, 2008). Beyond this, the strength in communication is further compounded by the fact that Southwest Airline has internet presence. It was indeed one of the first airlines to have a website. However, one the weakness within its website is that prices are not outlined to enable customers have knowledge in advance just by the click of ‘mouse’. Regardless of this, it is reported that it is so far the largest in terms of

A Comparison between Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Vladimir Paral’s Essay Example for Free

A Comparison between Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Vladimir Paral’s Essay Fyodor Dostoevsky’s classic, Crime and Punishment, and Vladimir Paral’s Lovers and Murderers describe a world of murder, dejection and profound human unhappiness. The two authors explore moral abjection and the destiny of mankind, as ruled by lust, jealousy and immoral instincts. As it shall be seen however, the two novels differ considerably in the way in which they treat the subject of crime, as well as in their point of view and the tone of the narrative. Thus, Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is centered on the idea of moral ambiguity. The Russian author uses an omniscient point of view in order to recount Rodyon Raskolnikov’s experiences before and after he commits the murder. The tone of the narrative is serious and meditative, as questions of morality and justice are interspersed throughout the events and dialogues in the novel. Vladimir Paral’s Lovers and Murderers treats the theme of murder in conjunction with that of love. The narrative enters a world full of promiscuity and violence, focusing on a great number of characters and the interactions among them. Unlike Dostoevsky’s book that focuses on the portrait and experiences of the main character, Paral’s work is concerned with the plurality of voices. Moreover, the point of view shifts frequently from the omniscient narrator to the first person narrative, sometimes within the same phrase. Lovers and Murderers is a grotesque mosaic, with a discontinuous narrative and a satiric tone. While Dostoevsky’s work raises questions of morality and social justice, Paral’s novel represents the spectacle of human life with resignation. There is no ethical conclusion to Paral’s analysis of human life and character: he chooses to describe the dynamic of humanity in its bleakest and most ironic aspects. For Dostoevsky, human life is also full of coincidences and accidents. Although, the limit between right and wrong is relative, ultimately, the novel emphasizes the belief in punishment and redemption. In Paral’s novel, there is no clear delimitation between innocence and guilt: the characters are all fanatics, consumed by passions, jealousy and greedy cravings. Significantly, love and violence intermingle throughout the novel, marking the majority of the relationships among different characters. Paral shows therefore that human interaction is never completely innocent: people devour and are devoured sadistically by destructive relationships. Instead of ending in union and harmony, each affair ends in destruction and crime. In Crime and Punishment there is the possibility of salvation and the triumph of love. Lovers and Murderers shows murder to be the companion of love, with no possibility for moral cleansing. Both novels therefore analyze morality in the context of the dynamics of society, emphasizing the interactions among different characters but with different conclusions. Sin and morality are seen as paradoxes in Dostoevsky’s work, but, ultimately sins can be redeemed after having been committed. Paral’s novel illuminates the tableau of human relationships and the relativity of moral principles very differently: all the characters are fallen men and women, who abuse or are abused by others. Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is concerned primarily with moral paradoxes, exemplified through the stories of various characters. The central story, that of Raskolnikov, is paradoxical. The protagonist is an extremely poor student, who struggles with his enormous debts to his landlady and with constant hunger and misery. A proud and noble character, Raskolnikov is tormented by his unjust and humiliating social standing. Despite his intelligence, he lives poorly and is constantly besieged by material concerns. As the novel opens, Raskolnikov has already developed the philosophy that would lead him to murder: he muses that there are superior men who should be able to punish others for their sins. Interestingly therefore, the murder is intended as a punishment of the mean pawnbroker, in the name of social justice. The first part of the novel captures Raskolnikov’s inner tension as he struggles to discern right from wrong. There follows the critical moment of the actual, double murder and afterwards his punishment and final redemption. The cyclical nature of his experience is symbolic: Dostoevsky points here to the paradoxes of morality. Raskolnikov’s act of murder is in itself meant as a punishment and may seem right in its context. To enhance the ambiguity however, Dostoevsky arranges for a double murder: the circumstances force the protagonist to kill Lizaveta as well, the pawnbroker’s innocent sister. The novel offers yet other instances of moral ambiguity, such as the saintly and innocent Sonia who is forced to become a prostitute in order to earn money and save her hungered family: â€Å"And then I saw, young man, I saw Katerina Ivanovna, in the same silence go up to Sonia’s little bed; she was on her knees all the evening kissing Sonia’s feet, and would not get up, and then they both fell asleep in each other’s arms †¦ together, together†¦ yes †¦ and I †¦ lay drunk† (Dostoevsky 30). Her mother in law, who had previously maltreated her, is now grateful and reverent towards the girl. Sacrifice and generosity are therefore accepted and appreciated in the novel. Her father, Marmeladov, is another example of moral equivocalness: a hopeless drunk, he is a good man who loves his family yet cannot conquer his own vice in order to save them. Marmeladov’s employer also acts generously, although he does so in vain: he offers him his job back, despite his dependence on alcohol, out of pity for his family. Throughout the novel, morality is questioned, but there is sufficient evidence of the existence of good alongside with evil. The ambiguity that Crime and Punishment describes is one of form rather than substance. In Paral’s Lovers and Murderers morality is permanently mixed with sin. Women and men, coming from the dregs of society as well as from its highest ranks, live in utter disorder and promiscuity. Innocence and guilt are neither relative nor circumstantial. Significantly, the book is divided in numerous fragments bearing two alternative titles: â€Å"Conquerors† and â€Å"Besieged†. In Paral’s vision, the world is not divided in right and wrong, but rather in abusers and abused. These basic roles are moreover easily interchangeable. The relationships seemed to be weighed on a scale, which always tips in favor of one of the partners. The relationship between Alex Serafin and Dasa is a relevant example: Alex conquers and even enslaves the rich woman but he is eventually rejected by the same woman that seemed totally dependent on him. The world of the inhabitants of building 2000 is devoid of moral principles and reasoning. The men and women are driven only by impulses of self-gratification. Their affairs are violent and each partner, either abused or abusive, derives selfish pleasure from the communion. Love is rapacious, lustful and possessive: â€Å"Love is prey and everyone longs for his own destruction – let’s not want them to expose the necks themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Paral 187). If Raskolnikov’s world is marked by sin and punishment, Paral’s characters pursue their own pleasure and interests without having to pay for their deeds. Raskolnikov murders the two women in his pursuit of justice, without deriving any personal gain from the deed, despite having found a considerable fortune in the ladies’ flat. In Paral’s novel, murder is only perpetrated as a crime of passion. In the case of Borek and Zita, murder is even gratuitous. The comparison between their story and that of Julien Sorel and Madame de Renal in Stendhal’s Red and Black, is extremely significant. While in Stendhal’s morality is extensively explored, Borek and Zita’s affair is devoid of any compunctions of guilt despite the fact that Zita is a married woman. The line between love and murder is very thin: one of the partners is always the hunter who chases his victim. The moment when Borek finally conquers Zita and possesses her body is very relevant. The man feels that, instead of loving thoughts he develops murderous ones, without being able to discern between the two categories anymore: â€Å"I realized I was standing there like a murderer, insane because as a murderer I could not act otherwise, even though I had come as a lover, like a murderer or a lover, insane because I no longer saw any difference† (Paral 188). If Crime and Punishment discusses moral ambiguity, Lovers and Murderers comments on the ambiguity of love and murder. Sexuality is always mixed with sadism and violence in Paral’s novel, so as to emphasize the fact that love is in fact abusive and possessive rather than disciplined and saintly. Marriage itself is a failure in the novel. An early scene in the novel points to the ultimate moral degradation of the characters. Thus, the poor working woman Madda pays a visit to Frank in his rich and sumptuous apartment. When he asks her to put on a wedding dress as part of the ritual of lovemaking, the woman muses on her previous sexual degradation: â€Å"†¦and you don’t have to apologize for madman anything, my earlier lovers wouldn’t even take my clothes off, or even their own, a white wedding dress to church; I’ve made love with the dirty strap of contemptible overalls between our bodies† (Paral 32). Ironically however, her romantic hopes are bitterly deceived by her heartless partner. Instead of offering the wedding dress as a symbol for love and purity, he uses it as part of a humiliating trick: when Madda is dressed and kneeling before him, Frank’s wife enters the room and it becomes clear that the woman was only used as amusement by the rich couple. In Paral’s world the beautiful dreams disintegrate very fast. Lovers and Murderers shows that moral choices and principles have to be settled among people and thus no intention or action is definitely pure. Raskolnikov acts in the name of a higher principles, which he sees as commanding: â€Å"I didn’t kill a human being, but a principle! I killed the principle, but I didn’t overstep, I stopped on this side†¦. I was only capable of killing† (Dostoevsky 389). Raving with a guilty conscience, Raskolnikov tries to convince himself of the moral justifications of his deed. He didn’t kill another human being, his violence was directed solely against an erroneous principle. Besides Raskolnikov, the novel abounds in generous characters. For instance, Dounia, Raskolnikov’s sister is willing to sacrifice her own happiness in a marriage she does not desire, in order to help her family. When the same Dounia is accused of trying to attract her employer and make him commit adultery, she escapes by her own generosity and nobility. Moreover, it is the employer’s wife that actually mends the girl’s reputation after having marred it, by showing the proof of her innocence to the world. There is no redemption and generosity in Paral’s novel. The characters act upon their personal interests, without considering each others’ feelings. The life that the characters lead is the life of a jungle, where there are no rules other than personal survival and gratification: â€Å"They live only for the fulfillment of their eternal appetites: like animals running free in a jungle. For pleasure alone: like the courtiers of Louis XV† (Paral 164). People are not concerned with judgments of value and with ethical principles. Paral introduces his readers to the psychological jungle of humanity, where people follow only their instincts. In Crime and Punishment, on the other hand, Dostoevsky explores sin and crime from a religious and ethical perspective. As critic Alfred Bem notes, Dostoevsky proceeds from the idea of a feeling of the original sin present in all minds: â€Å"To understand Dostoevskys thought one must allow for the presence in the human psyche of a feeling of sinfulness as such, independent of the existence of any concrete crimewhat we might call the feeling of original sin. We can assume, then, that the feeling of sin, of guilt can be present in the psyche unaccompanied by any consciousness of crime† (Bem 59). Hence comes the moral ambiguity of the characters: however saintly in their morality and character, they can succumb to sin because the seed is already planted in the human psyche. Paral’s world is also dominated by sinfulness, but, in this case, the characters lose their nobility. They are all fallen, abject people, who live by their instincts rather than by principles. Moreover, Raskolnikov performs an experiment more than an actual murder. He wants to apply his philosophical theory to reality and see its effects. Dostoevsky captures here the essence of humanity and its inherent rejection of murder. Ultimately, Raskolnikov is unable to commit his crime in complete cold bloodedness, despite the solidness of his arguments and theory: â€Å"Perhaps no work of literature presents so graphically a man testing and living, psychologically and even physiologically, a theory. Raskolnikovs theory, it will be remembered, is that crime is accompanied by sickness, by a loss of willpower and self-control, unless it is committed for sufficient reason by an ‘extraordinary man,’ in which case it is ‘no crime. ’† (Shaw 142). It is not so with Paral’s murderers: they virtually live in a jungle, where, besides instincts and passions, there is only pathos without real substance. The point of view and the tone chosen by the two authors are also relevant. Raskolnikov’s story is told objectively, from an omniscient perspective. This narrative technique does not obscure the character’s inner turmoil, however. Dostoevsky pairs his omniscience with indirect speech, a device which helps to reveal the hero’s thoughts and emotions. Raskolnikov often speaks to himself and, in this way, Dostoevsky gives us access to his unmediated reflections. For instance, he muses on his motivation for committing the murder, wavering between the feeling of guilty and the excuse he finds for his behavior: â€Å"I am putting my little brick into the happiness of all and so my heart is at peace. Ha-ha! Why have you let me slip? I only live once, I too want†¦. Ech, I am an ? sthetic louse and nothing more,’ he added suddenly, laughing like a† (Dostoevsky 389). Raskolnikov is indeed a criminal and an aesthete at the same time. While his crime is horrendous, his purpose gives it meaning to a certain extent. As Julian Connolly remarks, the way in which Dostoevsky decided to use the point of view in the novel is very significant: â€Å"Dostoyevsky had originally intended to write an account of murder from the perspective of the murderer himself. As he worked on the project in November 1865, however, he concluded that such a perspective might be too limited, so he chose an omniscient, third-person narrative mode instead. Yet traces of the original design remain: much of the novel offers direct insight into Raskolnikovs impressions and experiences. † (Connolly 144). Thus, the author’s decision to mingle omniscience and first person narrative shows that he was preoccupied to investigate the moral dimension of his characters as well as the psychological one. His technique ultimately merges psychology with philosophy. In Paral’s case, the frequent shifts of viewpoint, allow for a curious exploration of the stories from the inside and outside simultaneously. Moreover, Paral’s story is told fragmentarily, with an alternation of voices and points of view. The narrative shifts from the author to an interior monologue of one of the characters without warning, in the course of the same phrase. This provides readers with marks as to actual events and also to the thoughts of the characters at the same time. The novel features a great number of different narrative voices, as each of the characters introduced is also given a monologue. This technique enhances the novel’s mosaic structure and its grotesqueness. The characters’ interior monologues moreover show them to be egoistical and impulsive. Most of their speeches are delirious and self-centered. The tones of the two works also differ and influence the reader’s perception of the stories. Dostoevsky’s tone is serious and restrained, focusing on the events, the psychology of the main character and the numerous implications of the experiences described. Paral, on the other hand, uses irony, black humor and pathos is order to describe the events in his book. Lovers and Murderers is therefore written as a black comedy, transmitting the author purpose of satirizing humanity in its pettiness and abjection. The two novels deal with the common themes of murder and punishment, but do so in very different ways. Crime and Punishment investigates ethical, religious and psychological consequences of a crime, with an emphasis of humans’ liability to sin and moral ambiguity in the context of a society. Lovers and Murderers, on the other hand, emphasizes the human world as a grotesque spectacle, driven by the uncontrolled instincts and petty interests of men. Dostoevsky’s work analyzes and questions, while Paral’s observes and mocks. Works Cited: Alfred L. Bem, â€Å"Guilt in Crime and Punishment. † Readings on Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Ed. Tamara Johnson. Trans. Robert Louis Jackson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. 58 64. Connolly, Julian. â€Å"An Overview of ‘Crime and Punishment’. † Exploring Novels. Gale, 1998. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. New York: Vintage Classics, 2008. Paral, Vladimir. Lovers and Murderers. Trans. Craig Stephen Stevens. New York: Catbird Press, 2002. Shaw, J. Thomas. â€Å"Raskolnikovs Dreams. † Slavic and East European Journal 17, no. 2 (1973): 131-45.